{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:01:36Z","timestamp":1781737296174,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychon Bull Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T17:48:20Z","timestamp":1766166500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cultural differences in spatial frequency tunings to faces do not generalize to visual scenes and object stimuli"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Gingras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fiset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Pier","family":"Plouffe-Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Est\u00e9phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"N\u2019Guiamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2832_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amir, D., & Firestone, C. (2025). Is visual perception WEIRD? The M\u00fcller-Lyer illusion and the cultural byproduct hypothesis.\u00a0Psychological Review.","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000549"},{"issue":"11","key":"2832_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00296-9","volume":"37","author":"GW Balz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Balz, G. W., & Hock, H. S. (1997). The effect of attentional spread on spatial resolution. Vision Research, 37(11), 1499\u20131510.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"2832_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3022","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003022","volume":"3","author":"C Blais","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blais, C., Jack, R. E., Scheepers, C., Fiset, D., & Caldara, R. (2008). Culture shapes how we look at faces. PLoS ONE, 3(8), e3022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40167-017-0056-9","volume":"5","author":"A Boduroglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boduroglu, A., & Shah, P. (2017). Cultural differences in attentional breadth and resolution. Culture and Brain, 5(2), 169\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40167-017-0056-9","journal-title":"Culture and Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2832_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022108331005","volume":"40","author":"A Boduroglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boduroglu, A., Shah, P., & Nisbett, R. E. (2009). Cultural differences in allocation of attention in visual information processing. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(3), 349\u2013360.","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2832_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13049","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13049","volume":"55","author":"MA Boudewyn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boudewyn, M. A., Luck, S. J., Farrens, J. L., & Kappenman, E. S. (2018). How many trials does it take to get a significant ERP effect? It depends. Psychophysiology, 55(6), e13049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13049","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.08.013","volume":"122","author":"S Caparos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caparos, S., Ahmed, L., Bremner, A. J., de Fockert, J. W., Linnell, K. J., & Davidoff, J. (2012). Exposure to an urban environment alters the local bias of a remote culture. Cognition, 122(1), 80\u201385.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2832_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caplette, L., West, G., Gomot, M., Gosselin, F., & Wicker, B. (2014). Affective and contextual values modulate spatial frequency use in object recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00512","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00512"},{"key":"2832_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charbonneau, I., Duncan, J., Blais, C., Gu\u00e9rette, J., Plouffe-Demers, M.-P., Smith, F., & Fiset, D. (2024). Facial Expression Categorization Predominantly Relies on Mid-Spatial Frequencies (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4927863). https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=4927863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2025.108611"},{"key":"2832_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chauvin, A., Worsley, K. J., Schyns, P. G., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2005). Accurate statistical tests for smooth classification images. Journal of Vision, 5(9), 1-1.","DOI":"10.1167\/5.9.1"},{"issue":"35","key":"2832_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12629","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506162102","volume":"102","author":"HF Chua","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chua, H. F., Boland, J. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (2005). Cultural variation in eye movements during scene perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(35), 12629\u201312633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0506162102","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2832_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cousineau, A., Gingras, F., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (2023). The impact of culture on the processing of spatial frequencies during the recognition of homogenous objects. Journal of Vision, 23(9), 5013-5013.","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.23.9.5013"},{"key":"2832_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dale, G., & Arnell, K. M. (2013). Investigating the stability of and relationships among global\/local processing measures. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(3), 394-406.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-012-0416-7"},{"key":"2832_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeValois, R. L., & DeValois, K. K. (1990). Spatial vision.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195066579.001.0001"},{"key":"2832_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19971-1","author":"A Est\u00e9phan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Est\u00e9phan, A., Fiset, D., Saumure, C., Plouffe-Demers, M.-P., Zhang, Y., Sun, D., & Blais, C. (2018). Time course of cultural differences in spatial frequency use for face identification. Scientific Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-19971-1","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210802373720","volume":"62","author":"K Evans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans, K., Rotello, C. M., Li, X., & Rayner, K. (2009). Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver-operating characteristic analyses: Does a cultural difference truly exist? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(2), 276\u2013285.","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2832_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.24.3.398","volume":"24","author":"A Fogel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fogel, A., Toda, S., & Kawai, M. (1988). Mother-infant face-to-face interaction in Japan and the United States: A laboratory comparison using 3-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 398.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2832_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gauthier, I., & Tarr, M. J. (1997). Orientation priming of novel shapes in the context of viewpoint-dependent recognition. Perception, 26(1), 51-73.","DOI":"10.1068\/p260051"},{"key":"2832_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gingras, F., Duncan, J., Gosselin, F., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (2023). Using online testing to measure spatial frequency and orientation tuning in face processing. Journal of Vision, 23(9), 5028-5028.","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.23.9.5028"},{"key":"2832_CR21","first-page":"178","volume":"62","author":"V Gupta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gupta, V., & Hanges, P. J. (2004). Regional and climate clustering of societal cultures. Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of, 62, 178\u2013218.","journal-title":"Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of"},{"issue":"3","key":"2832_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02227-5","volume":"30","author":"A Gutchess","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gutchess, A., & Rajaram, S. (2023). Consideration of culture in cognition: How we can enrich methodology and theory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(3), 914\u2013931.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550616667613","volume":"8","author":"N Hakim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hakim, N., Simons, D. J., Zhao, H., & Wan, X. (2017). Do easterners and westerners differ in visual cognition? A preregistered examination of three visual cognition tasks. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(2), 142\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550616667613","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02038.x","volume":"19","author":"T Hedden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hedden, T., Ketay, S., Aron, A., Markus, H. R., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2008). Cultural influences on neural substrates of attentional control. Psychological Science, 19(1), 12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02038.x","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2832_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X","volume":"33","author":"J Henrich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2\u20133), 61\u201383.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"1476","key":"2832_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1934","volume":"361","author":"N Kanwisher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2006). The fusiform face area: A cortical region specialized for the perception of faces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1476), 2109\u20132128.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"2832_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997","volume":"17","author":"N Kanwisher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4302\u20134311.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2832_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.02432","volume":"14","author":"S Kitayama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at new look. Psychological Science, 14(3), 201\u2013206.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2832_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lane, D. M., & Dunlap, W. P. (1978). Estimating effect size: Bias resulting from the significance criterion in editorial decisions. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 31(2), 107-112.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1978.tb00578.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1978.tb00578.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s40167-019-00086-x","volume":"8","author":"RK Lawrence","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lawrence, R. K., Edwards, M., Chan, G. W. C., Cox, J. A., & Goodhew, S. C. (2020). Does cultural background predict the spatial distribution of attention? Culture and Brain, 8(2), 137\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40167-019-00086-x","journal-title":"Culture and Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101786","volume":"10","author":"KR Leger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leger, K. R., & Gutchess, A. (2021). Cross-cultural differences in memory specificity: Investigation of candidate mechanisms. Journal of Applied research in Memory and Cognition, 10(1), 33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0101786","journal-title":"Journal of Applied research in Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2832_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Joo, S. J., Yeatman, J. D., & Reinecke, K. (2020). Controlling for participants\u2019 viewing distance in large-scale, psychophysical online experiments using a virtual chinrest. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 904.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57204-1"},{"key":"2832_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2021.105834","volume":"157","author":"T Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, T., Zhang, X., Fields, E. C., Sekuler, R., & Gutchess, A. (2022). Spatial frequency impacts perceptual and attentional ERP components across cultures. Brain and Cognition, 157, 105834.","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"2832_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, D. S., Correll, J., & Wittenbrink, B. (2015). The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data. Behavior Research Methods, 47(4), 1122-1135.\u00a0","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0532-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0000_63","volume":"30","author":"T Masuda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2006). Culture and change blindness. Cognitive Science, 30(2), 381\u2013399.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"16","key":"2832_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.05.010","volume":"50","author":"E McKone","year":"2010","unstructured":"McKone, E., Davies, A. A., Fernando, D., Aalders, R., Leung, H., Wickramariyaratne, T., & Platow, M. J. (2010). Asia has the global advantage: Race and visual attention. Vision Research, 50(16), 1540\u20131549.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2832_CR37","unstructured":"Murdock, G. P. (1949). Social structure."},{"issue":"19","key":"2832_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934527100","volume":"100","author":"RE Nisbett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. (2003). Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(19), 11163\u201311170.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-999-1021-3","volume":"18","author":"DM Parker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parker, D. M., & Costen, N. P. (1999). One extreme or the other or perhaps the golden mean? Issues of spatial resolution in face processing. Current Psychology, 18(1), 118\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-999-1021-3","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"21","key":"2832_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.05.007","volume":"47","author":"K Rayner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rayner, K., Li, X., Williams, C. C., Cave, K. R., & Well, A. D. (2007). Eye movements during information processing tasks: Individual differences and cultural effects. Vision Research, 47(21), 2714\u20132726.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2832_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1905.tb00164.x","volume":"1","author":"WHR Rivers","year":"1905","unstructured":"Rivers, W. H. R. (1905). Observations on the senses of the todas. British Journal of Psychology, 1904\u20131920, 1(4), 321\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1905.tb00164.x","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology, 1904\u20131920"},{"key":"2832_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Chapter Three Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. Brill. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789047412977_007","DOI":"10.1163\/9789047412977_007"},{"issue":"3556","key":"2832_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1126\/science.139.3556.769","volume":"139","author":"MH Segall","year":"1963","unstructured":"Segall, M. H., Campbell, D. T., & Herskovits, M. J. (1963). Cultural differences in the perception of geometric illusions. Science, 139(3556), 769\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.139.3556.769","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1068\/p160089","volume":"16","author":"GL Shulman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shulman, G. L., & Wilson, J. (1987). Spatial frequency and selective attention to local and global information. Perception, 16(1), 89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p160089","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"2","key":"2832_CR45","first-page":"294","volume":"43","author":"J Tardif","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tardif, J., Fiset, D., Zhang, Y., Est\u00e9phan, A., Cai, Q., Luo, C., Sun, D., Gosselin, F., & Blais, C. (2017). Culture shapes spatial frequency tuning for face identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 43(2), 294.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2832_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watier, N. N., & Collin, C. A. (2009). Effects of familiarity on spatial frequency thresholds for face matching. Perception, 38(10), 1497-1507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p6396","DOI":"10.1068\/p6396"},{"key":"2832_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson, A. B., & Pelli, D. G. (1983). QUEST: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method. Perception & Psychophysics, 33(2), 113-120.\u00a0","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202828"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93252-2","volume":"11","author":"SL Wiesmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiesmann, S. L., Caplette, L., Willenbockel, V., Gosselin, F., & V\u00f5, M.L.-H. (2021). Flexible time course of spatial frequency use during scene categorization. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR49","first-page":"122","volume":"36","author":"V Willenbockel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Willenbockel, V., Fiset, D., Chauvin, A., Blais, C., Arguin, M., Tanaka, J. W., ... Gosselin, F. (2010). Does face inversion change spatial frequency tuning? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(1), 122.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"10","key":"2832_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1167\/17.10.564","volume":"17","author":"V Willenbockel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willenbockel, V., Gosselin, F., & Vo, M. (2017). Spatial frequency tuning for indoor scene categorization. Journal of Vision, 17(10), 564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/17.10.564","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"}],"container-title":["Psychonomic Bulletin &amp; Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:30:36Z","timestamp":1771439436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-025-02832-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-9384","1531-5320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-9384","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University H (2014\u20132024, #1791).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figs.\n                      \n                      \u2013\n                      \n                      .","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"21"}}