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Computational models of CC have so far focused on predicting the target location from a particular configuration of nontarget items. This contrasts with recent findings according to which display repetitions train human participants\u2019 general procedures for the search task. Here, we test the latter idea by employing a connectionist model of visual search that exclusively learns a search procedure without acquiring any individual display-layout information. We show that an instance of a \u201clearning how\u201d mechanism not only proposes a viable alternative account to existing \u201clearning that\u201d mechanisms, but also generates more plausible key behavioral metrics and exhibits a central bias as an emergent phenomenon of learning-induced plasticity. These findings have implications for models of visual search and artificial intelligence: Learning a procedure from leveraging a task\u2019s structure alone can mimic the effects of top-down modulation of attention while also reducing the need for supervision in learning, thereby making computational models that leverage procedural learning behaviorally more plausible and easier to train.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-026-02999-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:26:24Z","timestamp":1790785584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learning how: A \u201cmindless\u201d procedure alone gives rise to contextual cueing\u2014A weakly supervised connectionist model of statistical context learning in visual search"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Werner","family":"Seitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artyom","family":"Zinchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.89.4.369","volume":"89","author":"JR Anderson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Anderson, J. 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