{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:56:38Z","timestamp":1791489398898,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychon Bull Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:30:23Z","timestamp":1791487823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leveraging word knowledge from everyday language"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8888-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layla","family":"Unger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2022.105200","volume":"227","author":"K Aho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aho, K., Roads, B. D., & Love, B. C. (2022). System alignment supports cross-domain learning and zero-shot generalisation. Cognition, 227, 105200.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"3019_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baroni, M., Lenci, A., & Onnis, L. (2007). Isa meets lara: An incremental word space model for cognitively plausible simulations of semantic learning. In Proceedings of the workshop on cognitive aspects of computational language acquisition (pp. 49\u201356).","DOI":"10.3115\/1629795.1629802"},{"key":"3019_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blevins, T., Levy, O., & Zettlemoyer, L. (2018). Deep RNNs encode soft hierarchical syntax. In I. Gurevych & Y. Miyao (Eds.), Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 2: Short papers) (pp. 14\u201319). Melbourne, Australia: Association for Computational Linguistics. Retrieved from https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/P18-2003\/, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/P18-2003","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"3019_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12963","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12963","volume":"23","author":"A Borovsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borovsky, A. (2020). When slowing down processing helps learning: Lexico-semantic structure supports retention, but interferes with disambiguation of novel object-label mappings. Developmental Science, 23(6), e12963.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"3019_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219290","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219290","volume":"14","author":"A Borovsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borovsky, A., & Peters, R. E. (2019). Vocabulary size and structure affects real-time lexical recognition in 18-month-olds. PloS one, 14(7), e0219290.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"3019_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2011.614893","volume":"8","author":"A Borovsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borovsky, A., Elman, J. L., & Kutas, M. (2012). Once is enough: N400 indexes semantic integration of novel word meanings from a single exposure in context. Language Learning and Development, 8(3), 278\u2013302.","journal-title":"Language Learning and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"3019_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12343","volume":"19","author":"A Borovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borovsky, A., Ellis, E. M., Evans, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (2016a). Lexical leverage: Category knowledge boosts real-time novel word recognition in 2-year-olds. Developmental Science, 19(6), 918\u2013932.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"3019_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12554","volume":"87","author":"A Borovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borovsky, A., Ellis, E. M., Evans, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (2016b). Semantic structure in vocabulary knowledge interacts with lexical and sentence processing in infancy. Child Development, 87(6), 1893\u20131908.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"3019_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1162\/opmi_a_00026","volume":"3","author":"M Braginsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braginsky, M., Yurovsky, D., Marchman, V. A., & Frank, M. C. (2019). Consistency and variability in children\u2019s word learning across languages. Open Mind, 3, 52\u201367.","journal-title":"Open Mind"},{"key":"3019_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0403-5","volume":"46","author":"M Brysbaert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V. (2014). Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known english word lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 46, 904\u2013911.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"3019_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196189","volume":"8","author":"L Buchanan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buchanan, L., Westbury, C., & Burgess, C. (2001). Characterizing semantic space: Neighborhood effects in word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 531\u2013544.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"3019_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01034","volume":"7","author":"AN Danguecan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Danguecan, A. N., & Buchanan, L. (2016). Semantic neighborhood effects for abstract versus concrete words. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1034.","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3019_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1402_1","volume":"14","author":"JL Elman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elman, J. L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14(2), 179\u2013211.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"3019_CR14","first-page":"1212","volume":"2","author":"S Evert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Evert, S. (2008). Corpora and collocations. Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, 2, 1212\u20131248.","journal-title":"Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook"},{"key":"3019_CR15","volume-title":"MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories","author":"L Fenson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fenson, L., Marchman, V. A., Thal, D. J., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., & Bates, E. (2007). MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Paul H: Brookes Publishing."},{"key":"3019_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson, B., Graf, E., & Waxman, S. R. (2018). When veps cry: Two-year-olds efficiently learn novel words from linguistic contexts alone. Language Learning and Development,14(1), 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2017.1311260"},{"key":"3019_CR17","volume-title":"Studies in Linguistic Analysis","author":"JR Firth","year":"1957","unstructured":"Firth, J. R. (1957). A synopsis of linguistic theory, 1930\u20131955. In J. R. Firth (Ed.), Studies in Linguistic Analysis. Basil Blackwell."},{"key":"3019_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000916000209","volume":"44","author":"MC Frank","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frank, M. C., Braginsky, M., Yurovsky, D., & Marchman, V. A. (2016). Wordbank: An open repository for developmental vocabulary data. Journal of Child Language, 44, 677\u2013694.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.225","volume":"54","author":"EB Hadley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hadley, E. B., Dickinson, D. K., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2019). Building semantic networks: The impact of a vocabulary intervention on preschoolers\u2019 depth of word knowledge. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(1), 41\u201361.","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"3019_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02365.x","volume":"20","author":"TT Hills","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hills, T. T., Maouene, M., Maouene, J., Sheya, A., & Smith, L. (2009). Longitudinal analysis of early semantic networks: Preferential attachment or preferential acquisition? Psychological Science, 20(6), 729\u2013739.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"3019_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huebner, P. A., & Willits, J. A. (2018). Structured semantic knowledge can emerge automatically from predicting word sequences in child-directed speech. Frontiers in Psychology,\u00a09.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00133"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2015.1072223","volume":"31","author":"F Huettig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huettig, F., & Mani, N. (2016). Is prediction necessary to understand language? probably not. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(1), 19\u201331.","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"key":"3019_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johns, B. T., & Jones, M. N. (2012). Perceptual inference through global lexical similarity. Topics in Cognitive Science,4(1), 103\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2011.01176.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.1.1","volume":"114","author":"MN Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones, M. N., & Mewhort, D. J. (2007). Representing word meaning and order information in a composite holographic lexicon. Psychological Review, 114(1), 1\u201337.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"3019_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.2.211","volume":"104","author":"TK Landauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to plato\u2019s problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104(2), 211\u2013240.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"3019_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204766","volume":"28","author":"K Lund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lund, K., & Burgess, C. (1996). Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(2), 203\u2013208.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"key":"3019_CR27","unstructured":"MacWhinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES project: The database (Vol. 2). Psychology Press."},{"key":"3019_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2017.10.003","volume":"166","author":"MJ Maguire","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maguire, M. J., Schneider, J. M., Middleton, A. E., Ralph, Y., Lopez, M., Ackerman, R. A., & Abel, A. D. (2018). Vocabulary knowledge mediates the link between socioeconomic status and word learning in grade school. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 679\u2013695.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3019_CR29","first-page":"843","volume":"38","author":"N Mani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mani, N., & Huettig, F. (2012). Prediction during language processing is a piece of cake\u2014but only for skilled producers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(4), 843.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"3019_CR30","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013). Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01690969108406936","volume":"6","author":"GA Miller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Miller, G. A., & Charles, W. G. (1991). Contextual correlates of semantic similarity. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6(1), 1\u201328.","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"3019_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., & Manning, C. D. (2014). GloVe: Global vectors for word representation. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (emnlp) (pp. 1532\u20131543).","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2015.1077979","volume":"31","author":"H Rabagliati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rabagliati, H., Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J. (2016). Learning to predict or predicting to learn? Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(1), 94\u2013105.","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"key":"3019_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinker, T. W. (2018). textstem: Tools for stemming and lemmatizing text [Computer software manual]. Buffalo, New York. Retrieved from http:\/\/github.com\/trinker\/textstem (version 0.1.4)","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.textstem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3019_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2010.01111.x","volume":"3","author":"B Riordan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riordan, B., & Jones, M. N. (2011). Redundancy in perceptual and linguistic experience: Comparing feature-based and distributional models of semantic representation. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3(2), 303\u2013345.","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"41","key":"3019_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419773112","volume":"112","author":"BC Roy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy, B. C., Frank, M. C., DeCamp, P., Miller, M., & Roy, D. (2015). Predicting the birth of a spoken word. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(41), 12663\u201312668.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"3019_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubenstein, H., & Goodenough, J. B. (1965). Contextual correlates of synonymy. Communications of the ACM,8(10), 627\u2013633.","DOI":"10.1145\/365628.365657"},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12289","volume":"19","author":"J Sullivan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sullivan, J., & Barner, D. (2016). Discourse bootstrapping: Preschoolers use linguistic discourse to learn new words. Developmental Science, 19(1), 63\u201375.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"3019_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12731","volume":"89","author":"D Swingley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swingley, D., & Humphrey, C. (2018). Quantitative linguistic predictors of infants\u2019 learning of specific english words. Child Development, 89(4), 1247\u20131267.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"3019_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.104033","volume":"193","author":"K Syrett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Syrett, K., LaTourrette, A., Ferguson, B., & Waxman, S. R. (2019). Crying helps, but being sad doesn\u2019t: Infants constrain nominal reference online using known verbs, but not known adjectives. Cognition, 193, 104033.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"3019_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unger, L., Chang, T., Savic, O., Bergen, B. K., & Sloutsky, V. M. (2024). When is a word in good company for learning? Developmental Science, e13510.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/hv87p"},{"key":"3019_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vong, W. K., Wang, W., Orhan, A. E., & Lake, B. M. (2024). Grounded language acquisition through the eyes and ears of a single child. Science,383(6682), 504\u2013511.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi1374"},{"issue":"4","key":"3019_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00391","volume":"46","author":"I Vuli\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vuli\u0107, I., Baker, S., Ponti, E. M., Petti, U., Leviant, I., Wing, K., et al. (2020). Multi-simlex: A large-scale evaluation of multilingual and crosslingual lexical semantic similarity. Computational Linguistics, 46(4), 847\u2013897.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3019_CR44","first-page":"e1596","volume":"13","author":"EH Wojcik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wojcik, E. H., Zettersten, M., & Benitez, V. L. (2022). The map trap: Why and how word learning research should move beyond mapping. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 13(4), e1596.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science"},{"key":"3019_CR45","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Fisher, C., Kandhadai, P., & Fernald, A. (2011). You can stipe the pig and nerk the fork: Learning to use verbs to predict nouns. In Proceedings of the 35th annual boston university conference on language development (pp. 665\u2013677)."},{"issue":"1","key":"3019_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70087","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.70087","volume":"29","author":"AR Yuile","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yuile, A. R., Kueser, J. B., Outzen, C., Christ, S., Stiegler, R., Adams, M., & Borovsky, A. (2026). Lexical leveraging in novel word learning: Different semantic properties support learners at different stages of development. Developmental Science, 29(1), e70087.","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"3019_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zettersten, M., Yurovsky, D., Xu, T. L., Uner, S., Tsui, A. S. M., Schneider, R. M.,... et al. (2022). Peekbank: An open, large-scale repository for developmental eye-tracking data of children\u2019s word recognition. Behavior Research Methods, pp. 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01906-4"}],"container-title":["Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:30:26Z","timestamp":1791487826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-026-03019-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-9384","1531-5320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-9384","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest or competing interest with respect to their authorship or publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest\/Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research activities involved analyses of publicly available anonymized data and were exempt from ethics review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"252"}}