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The seminal paper of Botvinick and Cohen in 1998 provided a vital psychophysical tool for studying the bodily self \u2013 the rubber hand illusion, in which one feels as if an external object becomes a part of one\u2019s body. Recent motor control views of ownership highlight the influence of agency, the sense that one is in control of one\u2019s movements. Technological advancements have facilitated more ecologically valid experimental paradigms, such as virtual versions of the rubber hand illusion, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms through which the brain generates agency and ownership sensations. Recent findings suggest that agency and ownership can interact while remaining dissociable, as one may experience agency over an object that is not embodied or ownership of an object that cannot be controlled. Understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying agency and ownership is critical for addressing the challenges of healthy aging. As sensory-motor precision declines across the lifespan, maintaining a coherent sense of body and control becomes essential for mobility, the successful adoption of assistive technologies, and overall cognitive resilience. This review synthesizes current findings on the agency-ownership interaction, discusses its neurobiological substrates, and explores its transformative potential for the design of \u201cself-inclusive\u201d prosthetics and brain-machine interfaces. We conclude by outlining a framework showing how optimization of these processes can support functional independence and psychological well-being in an aging population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-026-03024-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:08:16Z","timestamp":1791569296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The dynamic bodily self across lifespan: Agency, ownership, and the plasticity of internal body models"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Jahanian Najafabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Liepelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3024_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198851721.001.0001","volume-title":"Body schema and body image: New directions","author":"Y Ataria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ataria, Y., Tanaka, S., & Gallagher, S. 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