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Accurate detection of these intervals is an essential step during data pre-processing. Here, we deployed a multi-modal approach to collect non-wear time during a longitudinal light exposure collection campaign and systematically compare non-wear detection strategies. Healthy participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 26; mean age 28 \u00b1 5 years, 14F) wore a near-corneal plane light logger for 1\u00a0week and reported non-wear events in three ways: pressing an \"event marker\" button on the light logger, placing it in a black bag, and using an app-based Wear log. Wear log entries, checked twice daily, served as ground truth for non-wear detection, showing that non-wear time constituted 5.4 \u00b1 3.8% (mean \u00b1 SD) of total participation time. Button presses at the start and end of non-wear intervals were identified in &gt;85.4% of cases when considering time windows beyond 1\u00a0min for detection. To detect non-wear intervals based on black bag use and lack of motion, we employed an algorithm that detects clusters of low illuminance and clusters of low activity. Performance was higher for illuminance (F1 = 0.78) than for activity (F1 = 0.52). Light exposure metrics derived from the full dataset, a dataset filtered for non-wear based on self-reports, and a dataset filtered for non-wear using the low illuminance clusters detection algorithm showed minimal differences. Our results highlight that while non-wear detection may be less critical in high-compliance cohorts, systematically collecting and detecting non-wear intervals is feasible and important for ensuring robust data pre-processing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T20:32:01Z","timestamp":1768249921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Collecting, detecting, and handling non-wear intervals in longitudinal light exposure data"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4959-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Guidolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Zauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2813-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen Lutz","family":"Hartmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8572-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Spitschan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2823_CR1","unstructured":"Alboukadel, K. 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PLoS One, 19(12), Article e0308768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0308768","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Behavior Research Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T17:14:49Z","timestamp":1771348489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-025-02823-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.12.23.627604","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1554-3528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1554-3528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Technical University of Munich (TUM Ethics Committee 2023-115-S-KK).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Participants signed an informed consent form\u00a0prior to participation in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants consented to the publication of the data from this study by signing an informed consent form.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Data and analysis code are available on GitHub at:\n                      \n                      \u00a0and archived on Zenodo (\n                      \n                      ). This study was not pre-registered.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Open Practices Statement"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT to assist in reformulating sentences and improving the clarity of the manuscript. All content was subsequently reviewed and revised by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final version of the publication.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}},{"value":"CG and SLH\u00a0have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u00a0JZ\u00a0declares the following potential conflicts of interest in the past five years (2021-2025). Academic roles: Member of Joint Technical Committee 20 (JTC20) of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE); Member of Research Data Alliance Working Group Optical Radiation and Visual Experience Data; Speaker of group 2 (melanopic effects of light) of the Technical Scientific Committee (TWA) of the German Society of Lighting Technology and Design (LiTG) Remunerated roles: Examiner, Swiss Lighting Society; Teacher, LiTG; Teacher, University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Teacher, Technical University of Applied Sciences, Rosenheim. Associated partner, 3lpi lighting design + engineering, Munich. Tool- and 3D-model design, Zumtobel Lighting GmbH; Course design, University of Applied Sciences, Munich & Virtual University Bavaria. Honoraria for talks: Received honoraria from LiTG; Lamilux (Heinrich Strunz GmbH); Robert-Bosch Hospital Stuttgart; Ergotopia GmbH; German statutory accident insurance institution for the administrative sector (VBG); BRIXEN CULTUR, Italy; KITEO GmbH & Co.KG; University of Applied Sciences Augsburg. Travel reimbursements: Daimler und Benz Stiftung. Patents: Together with 3lpi holds a design patent for non-visually optimized luminaire (No 008194021-0001 through -0006) at the European Union Intellectual property office. MS declares the following potential conflicts of interest in the past five years (2021\u20132025). Academic roles: Member of the Board of Directors, Society of Light, Rhythms, and Circadian Health (SLRCH); Chair of Joint Technical Committee 20 (JTC20) of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE); Member of the Daylight Academy; Chair of Research Data Alliance Working Group Optical Radiation and Visual Experience Data. Remunerated roles: Speaker of the Steering Committee of the Daylight Academy; Ad-hoc reviewer for the Health and Digital Executive Agency of the European Commission; Ad-hoc reviewer for the Swedish Research Council; Associate Editor for LEUKOS, journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society; Examiner, University of Manchester; Examiner, Flinders University; Examiner, University of Southern Norway.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"36"}}