{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:51:10Z","timestamp":1767340270694,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav Res"],"DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T18:06:39Z","timestamp":1644948399000},"page":"3043-3054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessing oral reading fluency within and across grade levels: Development of equated test forms"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cadime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Celda","family":"Choupina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernanda Leopoldina","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iolanda","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-006-9024-z","volume":"19","author":"SM Adlof","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adlof, S. M., Catts, H. W., & Little, T. D. (2006). Should the simple view of reading include a fluency component? Reading and Writing, 19(9), 933\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-006-9024-z","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"key":"1806_CR2","unstructured":"Albano, A. D. (2011). Statistical equating methods. The R Project for Statistical Computing. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http:\/\/www2.uaem.mx\/r-mirror\/web\/packages\/equate\/vignettes\/equatevignette.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"1806_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v074.i08","volume":"74","author":"AD Albano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albano, A. D. (2016). equate: An R package for observed-score linking and equating. Journal of Statistical Software, 74(8), 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v074.i08","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2011.07.002","volume":"50","author":"AD Albano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albano, A. D., & Rodriguez, M. C. (2012). Statistical equating with measures of oral reading fluency. Journal of School Psychology, 50(1), 43\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2011.07.002","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"key":"1806_CR5","unstructured":"Alonzo, J., Lai, C.-F., Anderson, D., Park, B. J., & Tindal, G. (2012). An examination of test\u2013retest, alternate form reliability, and generalizability theory study of the easyCBM passage reading fluency assessments: Grade 4 (Technical Report No. 1219). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED532323.pdf"},{"key":"1806_CR6","volume-title":"Standards for educational and psychological testing","author":"American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education","year":"2014","unstructured":"American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association."},{"key":"1806_CR7","unstructured":"Anderson, D., Lai, C.-F., Park, B. J., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2012a). An examination of test\u2013retest, alternate form reliability, and generalizability theory study of the easyCBM reading assessments: Grade 2 (Technical Report No. 1217). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED532279.pdf"},{"key":"1806_CR8","unstructured":"Anderson, D., Park, B. J., Lai, C.-F., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2012b). An examination of test\u2013retest, alternate form reliability, and generalizability theory study of the easyCBM reading assessments: Grade 1 (Technical Report No. 1216). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED532278.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2009.12087837","volume":"38","author":"SP Ardoin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ardoin, S. P., & Christ, T. J. (2009). Curriculum-based measurement of oral reading: Standard errors associated with progress monitoring outcomes from DIBELS, AIMSweb, and an experimental passage set. School Psychology Review, 38(2), 266\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2009.12087837","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2010.12087778","volume":"39","author":"SP Ardoin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ardoin, S. P., Williams, J. C., Christ, T. J., Klubnik, C., & Wellborn, C. (2010). Examining readability estimates\u2019 predictions of students\u2019 oral reading rate: Spache, lexile, and forcast. School Psychology Review, 39(2), 277\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2010.12087778","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.159","volume":"52","author":"A Arnesen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arnesen, A., Braeken, J., Baker, S. K., Meek-Hansen, W., Ogden, T., & Melby-Lerv\u00e5g, M. (2017). Growth in oral reading fluency in a semitransparent orthography: Concurrent and predictive relations with reading proficiency in Norwegian, Grades 2\u20135. Reading Research Quarterly, 52(2), 177\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rrq.159","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/1045-3830.23.1.43","volume":"23","author":"JC Begeny","year":"2008","unstructured":"Begeny, J. C., Eckert, T. L., Montarello, S. A., & Storie, M. S. (2008). Teachers\u2019 perceptions of students\u2019 reading abilities: An examination of the relationship between teachers\u2019 judgments and students\u2019 performance across a continuum of rating methods. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(1), 43\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1045-3830.23.1.43","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2011.12087726","volume":"40","author":"JC Begeny","year":"2011","unstructured":"Begeny, J. C., Krouse, H. E., Brown, K. G., & Mann, C. M. (2011). Teacher judgments of students\u2019 reading abilities across a continuum of rating methods and achievement measures. School Psychology Review, 40(1), 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2011.12087726","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2008.09.001","volume":"47","author":"J Betts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Betts, J., Pickart, M., & Heistad, D. (2009). An investigation of the psychometric evidence of CBM-R passage equivalence: Utility of readability statistics and equating for alternate forms. Journal of School Psychology, 47(1), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2008.09.001","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"issue":"200","key":"1806_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00200","volume":"8","author":"L Bigozzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bigozzi, L., Tarchi, C., Vagnoli, L., Valente, E., & Pinto, G. (2017). Reading fluency as a predictor of school outcomes across grades 4\u20139. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(200), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00200","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-016-9691-3","volume":"30","author":"I Cadime","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadime, I., Rodrigues, B., Santos, S., Viana, F. L., Chaves-Sousa, S., Cosme, M. C., & Ribeiro, I. (2017). The role of word recognition, oral reading fluency and listening comprehension in the simple view of reading: A study in an intermediate depth orthography. Reading and Writing, 30(3), 591\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-016-9691-3","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12019","volume":"38","author":"N Calet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calet, N., Guti\u00e9rrez-Palma, N., & Defior, S. (2015). A cross-sectional study of fluency and reading comprehension in Spanish primary school children. Journal of Research in Reading, 38(3), 272\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9817.12019","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Reading"},{"key":"1806_CR18","volume-title":"Teste de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Flu\u00eancia e Precis\u00e3o da Leitura: O Rei [Test of Reading Fluency and Accuracy: The King]","author":"A Carvalho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carvalho, A. (2010). Teste de Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Flu\u00eancia e Precis\u00e3o da Leitura: O Rei [Test of Reading Fluency and Accuracy: The King]. Edipsico."},{"key":"1806_CR19","unstructured":"Center on Teaching and Learning (2018). Understanding the research behind DIBELS\u00ae 8th Edition (Technical Report No. 1801). Retrieved July 6, 2021, from https:\/\/dibels.uoregon.edu\/sites\/dibels1.uoregon.edu\/files\/DIBELS8thEdition_TechRpt1801_ResearchBrief.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1534508417741128","volume":"44","author":"EA Chaparro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaparro, E. A., Stoolmiller, M., Park, Y., Baker, S. K., Basaraba, D., Fien, H., & Smith, J. L. M. (2018). Evaluating passage and order effects of oral reading fluency passages in second grade: A partial replication. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 44(1), 3\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534508417741128","journal-title":"Assessment for Effective Intervention"},{"issue":"6","key":"1806_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000307","volume":"33","author":"S Chaves-Sousa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaves-Sousa, S., Ribeiro, I., Viana, F. L., Vale, A. P., Santos, S., & Cadime, I. (2017a). Validity evidence of the Test of Word Reading for Portuguese elementary students. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33(6), 460\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000307","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1806_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.11.008","volume":"56","author":"S Chaves-Sousa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaves-Sousa, S., Santos, S., Viana, F. L., Vale, A. P., Cadime, I., Prieto, G., & Ribeiro, I. (2017b). Development of a word reading test: Identifying students at-risk for reading problems. Learning and Individual Differences, 56, 159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.11.008","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"1806_CR23","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Learning Institute, & Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (2010). Technical report: Texas Primary Reading Inventory (2010\u20132014 Edition). Retrieved July 6, 2021, from https:\/\/www.tpri.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1534508412447010","volume":"38","author":"K Cummings","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cummings, K., Park, Y., & Schaper, H. A. B. (2013). Form effects on DIBELS Next oral reading fluency progress-monitoring passages. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 38(2), 91\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534508412447010","journal-title":"Assessment for Effective Intervention"},{"key":"1806_CR26","volume-title":"The theory and practice of item response theory","author":"RJ de Ayala","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Ayala, R. J. (2009). The theory and practice of item response theory. The Guilford Press."},{"key":"1806_CR27","unstructured":"Decree-Law no. 54\/2018 of July 6, art. 9 and 10. (2018). Regime jur\u00eddico da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva [Legal framework for inclusive education]. Di\u00e1rio Da Rep\u00fablica, 1.a S\u00e9rie, 129, 2918\u20132928. Retrieved July 8, 2021, from https:\/\/www.dge.mec.pt\/sites\/default\/files\/EEspecial\/dl_54_2018.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"1806_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1598\/RT.63.6.1","volume":"63","author":"TA Deeney","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deeney, T. A. (2010). One-minute fluency measures: Mixed messages in assessment and instruction. The Reading Teacher, 63(6), 440\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1598\/RT.63.6.1","journal-title":"The Reading Teacher"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/10888431003623546","volume":"15","author":"CA Denton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Denton, C. A., Barth, A. E., Fletcher, J. M., Wexler, J., Vaughn, S., Cirino, P. T., \u2026 Francis, D. J. (2011). The relations among oral and silent reading fluency and comprehension in middle school: Implications for identification and instruction of students with reading difficulties. Scientific Studies of Reading, 15(2), 109\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10888431003623546","journal-title":"Scientific Studies of Reading"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1521\/scpq.18.1.52.20876","volume":"18","author":"AB Feinberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feinberg, A. B., & Shapiro, E. S. (2003). Accuracy of teacher judgments in predicting oral reading fluency. School Psychology Quarterly, 18(1), 52\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/scpq.18.1.52.20876","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"1806_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.102.6.453-462","volume":"102","author":"AB Feinberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feinberg, A. B., & Shapiro, E. S. (2009). Teacher accuracy: An examination of teacher-based judgments of students\u2019 reading with differing achievement levels. The Journal of Educational Research, 102(6), 453\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3200\/JOER.102.6.453-462","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"1806_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-017-9763-z","volume":"30","author":"S Fernandes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandes, S., Querido, L., Verhaeghe, A., Marques, C., & Ara\u00fajo, L. (2017). Reading development in European Portuguese: Relationships between oral reading fluency, vocabulary and reading comprehension. Reading and Writing, 30(9), 1987\u20132007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-017-9763-z","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2007.06.003","volume":"46","author":"DJ Francis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Francis, D. J., Santi, K. L., Barr, C., Fletcher, J. M., Varisco, A., & Foorman, B. R. (2008). Form effects on the estimation of students\u2019 oral reading fluency using DIBELS. Journal of School Psychology, 46(3), 315\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2007.06.003","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"key":"1806_CR34","volume-title":"Texas Middle School Fluency Assessment (version 2.0)","author":"DJ Francis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Francis, D. J., Barth, A., Cirino, P., Reed, D. K., & Fletcher, J. M. (2010). Texas Middle School Fluency Assessment (version 2.0). University of Houston\/Texas Education Agency."},{"key":"1806_CR35","volume-title":"DIBELS Next assessment manual","author":"RH Good","year":"2011","unstructured":"Good, R. H., & Kaminski, R. A. (2011). DIBELS Next assessment manual. Dynamic Measurement Group."},{"key":"1806_CR36","volume-title":"Test Review: JL Wiederholt & BR Bryant.(2012). Gray Oral Reading Tests-Fifth Edition (GORT-5)","author":"AH Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall, A. H., & Tannebaum, R. P. (2013). Test Review: JL Wiederholt & BR Bryant.(2012). Gray Oral Reading Tests-Fifth Edition (GORT-5). Pro-Ed."},{"issue":"7","key":"1806_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1598\/RT.59.7.3","volume":"59","author":"J Hasbrouck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hasbrouck, J., & Tindal, G. A. (2006). Oral reading fluency norms: A valuable assessment tool for reading teachers. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 636\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1598\/RT.59.7.3","journal-title":"The Reading Teacher"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2007.00050.x","volume":"45","author":"PW Holland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holland, P. W., Sinharay, S., von Davier, A. A., & Han, N. (2008). An approach to evaluating the missing data assumptions of the chain and post-stratification equating methods for the NEAT design. Journal of Educational Measurement, 45(1), 17\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2007.00050.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"key":"1806_CR39","volume-title":"Standard Reading Assessment Passages (RAPs) for use in general outcome measurement: A manual describing development and technical features","author":"KB Howe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Howe, K. B., & Shinn, M. M. (2002). Standard Reading Assessment Passages (RAPs) for use in general outcome measurement: A manual describing development and technical features. Edformation. Retrieved July 7, 2021, from\u00a0http:\/\/www.aimsweb.com"},{"issue":"8","key":"1806_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1598\/rt.58.8.1","volume":"58","author":"RF Hudson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hudson, R. F., Lane, H. B., & Pullen, P. C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? The Reading Teacher, 58(8), 702\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1598\/rt.58.8.1","journal-title":"The Reading Teacher"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.03.002","volume":"113","author":"Y-S Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-S., Wagner, R. K., & Lopez, D. (2012). Developmental relations between reading fluency and reading comprehension: A longitudinal study from grade 1 to grade 2. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113(1), 93\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.03.002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"1806_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0317-7","volume-title":"Test equating, scaling, and linking: Methods and practices","author":"MJ Kolen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kolen, M. J., & Brennan, R. L. (2014). Test equating, scaling, and linking: Methods and practices (3rd ed.). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-0317-7","edition":"3"},{"key":"1806_CR43","unstructured":"Lai, C.-F., Park, B. J., Anderson, D., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2012). An examination of test\u2013retest, alternate form reliability, and generalizability theory study of the easyCBM reading assessments: Grade 5 (Technical Report No. 1220). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED532327.pdf"},{"key":"1806_CR44","unstructured":"Lai, C.-F., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2013). easyCBM\u00ae reading criterion related validity evidence: Grades 2\u20135 (Technical Report No. 1310). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED545272.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12670","volume":"88","author":"CW Little","year":"2017","unstructured":"Little, C. W., Hart, S. A., Quinn, J. M., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Taylor, J., & Schatschneider, C. (2017). Exploring the co-development of reading fluency and reading comprehension: A twin study. Child Development, 88(3), 934\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12670","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"1806_CR46","volume-title":"Equating test scores (without IRT)","author":"SA Livingston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livingston, S. A. (2014). Equating test scores (without IRT) (2nd ed.). Educational Testing Service.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1806_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2803-3","volume-title":"The fluency construct: Curriculum-based measurement concepts and applications","author":"DB McCoach","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCoach, D. B., & Yu, H. (2016). Using individual growth curves to model reading fluency. In K. Cummings & Y. Petscher (Eds.), The fluency construct: Curriculum-based measurement concepts and applications (pp. 269\u2013308). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2803-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2004.12086242","volume":"33","author":"MT McGlinchey","year":"2004","unstructured":"McGlinchey, M. T., & Hixson, M. D. (2004). Using curriculum-based measurement to predict performance on state assessments in reading. School Psychology Review, 33(2), 193\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2004.12086242","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"key":"1806_CR49","volume-title":"Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769)","author":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","year":"2000","unstructured":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2013.758932","volume":"30","author":"S Padeliadu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Padeliadu, S., & Antoniou, F. (2014). The relationship between reading comprehension, decoding, and fluency in Greek: A cross-sectional study. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 30(1), 1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10573569.2013.758932","journal-title":"Reading & Writing Quarterly"},{"key":"1806_CR51","unstructured":"Park, B. J., Anderson, D., Alonzo, J., Lai, C.-F., & Tindal, G. (2012). An examination of test\u2013retest, alternate form reliability, and generalizability theory study of the easyCBM word and passage reading fluency assessments: Grade 3 (Technical Report No. 1218). Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED532326.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2010.09.004","volume":"49","author":"Y Petscher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petscher, Y., & Kim, Y.-S. (2011). The utility and accuracy of oral reading fluency score types in predicting reading comprehension. Journal of School Psychology, 49(1), 107\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2010.09.004","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"key":"1806_CR53","unstructured":"Ribeiro, I., Viana, F. L., Cadime, I., Chaves-Sousa, S., Santos, S., Silva, C., & Brand\u00e3o, S. (2014). Teste de Flu\u00eancia da Leitura. Manual n\u00e3o publicado [The Test of Reading Fluency. Unpublished manual]. Braga: Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho."},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12095","volume":"68","author":"I Ribeiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ribeiro, I., Cadime, I., Freitas, T., & Viana, F. L. (2016). Beyond word recognition, fluency, and vocabulary: The influence of reasoning on reading comprehension. Australian Journal of Psychology, 68(2), 107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajpy.12095","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"1806_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610876","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.610876","volume":"11","author":"B Rodrigues","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodrigues, B., Cadime, I., Viana, F. L., & Ribeiro, I. (2020). Developing and validating tests of reading and listening comprehension for fifth and sixth grade students in Portugal. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:610876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.610876","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.226","volume":"54","author":"J Sabatini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sabatini, J., Wang, Z., & O\u2019Reilly, T. (2019). Relating reading comprehension to oral reading performance in the NAEP fourth-grade special study of oral reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(2), 253\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rrq.226","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"1806_CR57","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Assessment in special and inclusive education","author":"J Salvia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salvia, J., Ysseldyke, J. E., & Bolt, S. (2010). Technical adequacy. In J. Salvia, J. E. Ysseldyke, & S. Bolt (Eds.), Assessment in special and inclusive education (11th ed., pp. 53\u201371). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.","edition":"11"},{"key":"1806_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2803-3","volume-title":"The fluency construct: Curriculum-based measurement concepts and applications","author":"KL Santi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santi, K. L., Barr, C., Khalaf, S., & Francis, D. J. (2016). Different approaches to equating oral reading fluency passages. In K. Cummings & Y. Petscher (Eds.), The fluency construct: Curriculum-based measurement concepts and applications (pp. 223\u2013265). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2803-3"},{"issue":"38","key":"1806_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41155-016-0044-6","volume":"29","author":"S Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos, S., Cadime, I., Viana, F. L., Prieto, G., Chaves-Sousa, S., Spinillo, A. G., & Ribeiro, I. (2016). An application of the Rasch model to reading comprehension measurement. Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica, 29(38), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41155-016-0044-6","journal-title":"Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1806_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12335","volume":"58","author":"S Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos, S., Cadime, I., Viana, F. L., Chaves-Sousa, S., Gayo, E., Maia, J., & Ribeiro, I. (2017). Assessing reading comprehension with narrative and expository texts: Dimensionality and relationship with fluency, vocabulary and memory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12335","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2008.03.002","volume":"18","author":"ES Shapiro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shapiro, E. S., Solari, E., & Petscher, Y. (2008). Use of a measure of reading comprehension to enhance prediction on the state high stakes assessment. Learning and Individual Differences, 18(3), 316\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2008.03.002","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"5","key":"1806_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20175","volume":"43","author":"B Silberglitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silberglitt, B., Burns, M. K., Madyun, N. H., & Lail, K. E. (2006). Relationship of reading fluency assessment data with state accountability test scores: A longitudinal comparison of grade levels. Psychology in the Schools, 43(5), 527\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.20175","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2010.00113.x","volume":"47","author":"S Sinharay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinharay, S., & Holland, P. W. (2010). A new approach to comparing several equating methods in the context of the NEAT design. Journal of Educational Measurement, 47(3), 261\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3984.2010.00113.x","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-005-4114-x","volume":"19","author":"L Spear-Swerling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spear-Swerling, L. (2006). Children\u2019s reading comprehension and oral reading fluency in easy text. Reading and Writing, 19(2), 199\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-005-4114-x","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2010.12087777","volume":"39","author":"DL Speece","year":"2010","unstructured":"Speece, D. L., Ritchey, K. D., Silverman, R., Schatschneider, C., Walker, C. Y., & Andrusik, K. N. (2010). Identifying children in middle childhood who are at risk for reading problems. School Psychology Review, 39(2), 258\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2010.12087777","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1806_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1534508412456729","volume":"38","author":"M Stoolmiller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stoolmiller, M., Biancarosa, G., & Fien, H. (2013). Measurement properties of DIBELS oral reading fluency in grade 2: Implications for equating studies. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 38(2), 76\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534508412456729","journal-title":"Assessment for Effective Intervention"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1598\/rrq.45.3.1","volume":"45","author":"SW Valencia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valencia, S. W., Smith, A. T., Reece, A. M., Li, M., Wixson, K. K., & Newman, H. (2010). Oral reading fluency assessment: Issues of construct, criterion, and consequential validity. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(3), 270\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1598\/rrq.45.3.1","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"8","key":"1806_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621608314943","volume":"32","author":"T Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, T., Lee, W.-C., Brennan, R. L., & Kolen, M. J. (2008). A comparison of the frequency estimation and chained equipercentile methods under the common-item nonequivalent groups design. Applied Psychological Measurement, 32(8), 632\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146621608314943","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"3","key":"1806_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2005.00014.x","volume":"24","author":"P Yovanoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yovanoff, P., Duesbery, L., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2005). Grade-level invariance of a theoretical causal structure predicting reading comprehension with vocabulary and oral reading fluency. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 24(3), 4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2005.00014.x","journal-title":"Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice"}],"container-title":["Behavior Research Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:02:20Z","timestamp":1676430140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01806-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1554-3528"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1554-3528"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This research was approved by the Portuguese Ministry of Education and the school boards involved.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was collected from children\u2019s parents or other legal tutors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}