{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:32:08Z","timestamp":1793377928148,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Saudi Heart Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Saudi Heart Association"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\nDiaphragm paralysis (DP) due to phrenic nerve injury is a rare but serious complication of pediatric cardiac surgery (0.3\u20135% of cases). It presents as an extubation failure or difficulty weaning from ventilation. Early recognition and management are essential.\nObjectives:\nThis study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristic and outcome of diaphragm paralysis after heart surgery in children.\nMethods:\nA retrospective single-center review (2019\u20132024) was conducted of ultrasound-confirmed DP case. Demographics, surgical details, ventilatory course, interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. Partial and complete DP were compared using multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors.\nResults:\nOut of 2,280 surgeries, 108 children (4.7%) developed DP, with 75% being infants (median age 6.3 months). Partial paresis happened in 2.9% and complete paralysis in 1.8%. The left side was affected most, 46% of total cases. Children with complete DP were younger (median 5.8 vs 7.4 months, pppp\nConclusion:\nDiaphragm paralysis after heart surgery is a serious problem in children, especially infants. Partial paralysis improved with non-invasive ventilation and physiotherapy, but complete paralysis often need surgery. Protecting the phrenic nerve, using early imaging, and the prompt actions may improve the outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37616\/2212-5043.1486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1776599503000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcome and clinical characteristics of diaphragm dysfunction After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: From Detection to Plication"],"prefix":"10.37616","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric cardiac Surgical ICU King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bokir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifa","family":"Almuhanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of medicine \tKing faisal university\tRiyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric cardiac Surgical ICU\tKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center \tRiyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Alabbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric cardiac Surgical ICU\tKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center\tRiyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Beheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU\tKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center \tRiyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser Abdulrhman","family":"Alheraish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric cardiac Surgical ICU King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"alarwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU\tKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center \t Riyadh - Saudia Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24531","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"container-title":["Journal of the Saudi Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T15:35:55Z","timestamp":1793374555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.j-saudi-heart.com\/jsha\/vol38\/iss1\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37616\/2212-5043.1486","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}