{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:33:23Z","timestamp":1787870003758,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Beilstein Institut","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308382\/2017-0, 311209\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308382\/2017-0, 311209\/2020-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["code 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["code 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., is a neglected tropical disease that poses a significant challenge to the public health in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly low-income individuals. Current therapies are limited due to severe adverse reactions to currently available drugs, high cost, low patient adherence, and even the emergence of resistant strains. Examining safer and more effective alternatives, natural compounds such as phytol \u2013 a diterpene derived from chlorophyll \u2013 have attracted attention due to their broad biological activities. To increase their solubility, stability, and cell delivery, nanotechnology-based systems, such as nanoemulsions (NEs), represent a promising approach. In this study, soybean oil nanoemulsions loaded with phytol (PHYT-NE) were developed using the phase inversion composition (PIC) method, and then characterized and evaluated. The PHYT-NE had a mean droplet diameter close to 200 nm, a polydispersity index of less than 0.2, spherical shape, and a pH value compatible with cutaneous application. The formulation showed high colloidal stability for at least 30 days of storage and at least 15 days even under stress conditions, with no signs of macroscopic instability or changes in droplet size. The cytocompatibility of NEs was confirmed in 3T3 fibroblasts at the concentrations tested, indicating potential safety for in vivo trials. Notably, PHYT-NE exhibited significant time-dependent leishmanicidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes, with lower IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values (up to five times lower at 48 hours) and up to 75% parasite death after 48 hours, showing greater antiparasitic activity compared to that of free phytol. Although the use of promastigotes represents a limitation, this model was used as a proof-of-concept, with promising evidence of the potential of PHYT-NE. Future studies in macrophage models infected with intracellular amastigotes will be essential to confirm the observed efficacy and validate the potential of PHYT-NE as a safe and effective topical therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.16.126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:32:04Z","timestamp":1761035524000},"page":"1826-1836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against\n                    <i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.3762","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vict\u00f3ria Louise 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