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Nanotechnol."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Superparamagnetic iron oxide core\u2013shell particles with average sizes of 10 and 14 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition of an iron oleate precursor in a high-boiling solvent. Sodium oleate was used as surfactant to produce cubic particles. The particles show a wustite (FeO) structure in the core and spinel structures of maghemite (\u03b3-Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) or magnetite (Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in the shell. Due to interfacial coupling of the antiferromagnetic core to the ferrimagnetic shell, the particles exhibit a pronounced exchange bias (EB) effect, resulting in a shifted hysteresis loop when measured below the superparamagnetic blocking temperature. The EB behavior was systematically investigated depending on the core\/shell ratio, which was achieved by artificial oxidization of the particles. With decreasing core\/shell ratio, the superparamagnetic blocking temperature, the coercivity, as well as the EB field decrease. In addition, magnetic memory measurements indicate the presence of a superspin glass state at low temperatures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.17.93","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:25:00Z","timestamp":1791275100000},"page":"1348-1358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuning of the magnetic properties of iron oxide core\u2013shell nanoparticles by controlled 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