{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:41:59Z","timestamp":1785426119498,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Beilstein Institut","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005145","name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20243057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20243057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics","award":["No. ZS030ZR24020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZS030ZR24020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 62074081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62074081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Beilstein J. Org. Chem."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To our knowledge, this work represents one of the earliest comparative studies on the anion-binding behaviors of carbazole-based structural analogs, demonstrating that a flexible macrocycle markedly improves iodide binding affinity via an induced-fit mechanism. The flexible analog\n                    <jats:bold>PBG<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibits a 22.78-fold higher fluorescence quenching efficiency upon iodide binding compared to the rigid\n                    <jats:bold>WDG<\/jats:bold>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>PBG<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>WDG<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    = 22.78), demonstrating its potential as a highly sensitive optical probe and offering a novel strategy for engineering dynamic supramolecular receptors. Two carbazole-based macrocyclic probes,\n                    <jats:bold>PBG<\/jats:bold>\n                    (flexible benzene ring) and\n                    <jats:bold>WDG<\/jats:bold>\n                    (rigid fluorene backbone), were synthesized via Friedel\u2013Crafts reactions. Their iodide (I\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) recognition properties were systematically explored using\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMR, UV\u2013vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis via the Benesi\u2013Hildebrand equation and nonlinear fitting demonstrated that flexible\n                    <jats:bold>PBG<\/jats:bold>\n                    achieves superior I\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    binding (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>PBG<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    = 1.387 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) through induced-fit conformational adjustments, whereas rigid\n                    <jats:bold>WDG<\/jats:bold>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>WDG<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    = 6.089 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is constrained by preorganized cavity geometry, adhering to a conformational selection mechanism. This work elucidates the synergistic interplay between conformational dynamics and localized structural adaptations governing anion recognition. The findings advance the rational design of tunable, high-affinity anion receptors and deepen the understanding of conformational regulation in supramolecular systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.21.181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T12:27:20Z","timestamp":1762172840000},"page":"2369-2375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conformational effects on iodide binding: a comparative study of flexible and rigid carbazole macrocyclic analogs"],"prefix":"10.3762","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/0000000403693615","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4cc04521a"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.4c00583"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00734"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114422"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dt.2023.09.006"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1qo00092f"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06861"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213281"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c04288"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202006133"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.7b00340"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51607-z"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.198610393"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.5b11593"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra07397d"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cs00341g"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.44.2.98"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907195106"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ce01681h"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107694"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1cc06788e"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2024.112129"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ol2008022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5cc06768e"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cp00110a"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2012.06.120"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr960386p"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b01355"}],"container-title":["Beilstein 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