{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:32:39Z","timestamp":1777505559148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003Many questionnaires attempt to quantify the \u201cquality of life.\u201d However, we believe understanding the quality of life is complex, and many widely used questionnaires do not capture the broad range of factors that we believe are\n important. Many do not include questions about communicating. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003We developed a preliminary questionnaire designed to measure \u201cThe Meaning of Life\u201d from a broader perspective. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003We reviewed other scales and sought input from individuals\n with disabilities and developed an initial 23-item questionnaire. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003As a first step, we sampled 116 adults with tinnitus and 196 with cochlear implants (CIs). Individuals who were participating in our CI or tinnitus research programs participated. <jats:bold>Data Collection\n and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003To compare differences between the two participant groups, independent sample f-tests were completed for specific items on the questionnaire and for the total score. We compared age and gender differences across all participants using f-tests. Statistical significance\n was defined as <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the relationship among the questionnaire items using oblique rotation to produce correlated factors. Extracted factors with an eigenvalue &gt;1.0 were retained according to the Kaiser-Guttman rule.\n <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003Four factors were prominent in this initial sample, which we labeled (1) friendship and positive outlook, (2) physical health, (3) hearing and mental health, and (4) satisfaction with life. Participants with tinnitus reported more trouble sleeping than participants with\n CI, whereas both groups had lower scores on hearing. Older patients reported more difficulty with remembering things but were more satisfied with their financial situation. Female participants reportedly had more hobbies and were more satisfied with their sex lives than male participants.\n <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2003This exploratory study intended to take a broader look at quality of life scales. Further work is needed with a larger sample including younger and older participants with and without disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.19022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T08:49:33Z","timestamp":1587545373000},"page":"277-285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An Exploratory Step Toward Measuring the \u201cMeaning of Life\u201d in Patients with Tinnitus and in Cochlear Implant Users"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Tyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Perreauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Mette","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psykologcentret NV, Copenhagen NV, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/aaa\/jaaa\/2020\/00000031\/00000004\/art00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T04:31:27Z","timestamp":1738902687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.3766\/jaaa.19022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1050-0545(20200401)31:4L.277;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3766\/jaaa.19022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-0545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-0545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}}}