{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:18:36Z","timestamp":1761297516781,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Tinnitus is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 14.4 percent of the global adult population. With growing mobile phone ownership and usage globally, the utilization of smartphone applications (apps) as tinnitus interventions has garnered research and\n clinical interest. Despite the abundant number of commercially available tinnitus smartphone apps, a majority of them lack validation of their effectiveness.\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a smartphone app (Oto) in tinnitus management\n as determined by trial acceptability, deliverability, and effectiveness.\n                    <jats:bold>Research Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A two-arm controlled trial design was adopted.\n                    <jats:bold>Study Sample:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sixty-two adults with chronic tinnitus were randomized to either the Oto user group or nonuser (control)\n group.\n                    <jats:bold>Intervention:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The multimodal Oto smartphone app, which combines patient education, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation, mindfulness, and sound therapy, was used by the Oto user group for 3 months.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Participants\n completed the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. The Oto user group rated Oto\u2019s ease of use and their satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale and answered open-ended questions on user experience at 3 months. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance\n was performed with Bonferroni correction.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall retention rate (defined as completion of trial at 3 months) was 87 percent. Among Oto users, 16 percent had a clinically meaningful reduction (\u226513 points) in the TFI score from baseline to 3 months, whereas 7\n percent of nonusers met the same criterion. The Oto user group showed no significant difference in TFI scores between baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, whereas the nonuser group showed a significant increase in the overall TFI scores from baseline to 1 and 3 months (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    [2, 56] = 7.78,\n p = 0.001). Oto users found Oto easy to use and appreciated app features such as diversely themed therapy sessions and sound library. Suggestions including adjusting the duration of therapy sessions and a more structured habituation program were also noted for improving Oto.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Use of Oto in managing tinnitus was demonstrated to be deliverable and feasible with a high retention rate. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is currently underway to further evaluate Oto\u2019s effectiveness and app usability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.240054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T06:06:02Z","timestamp":1753423562000},"page":"309-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Therapeutics in Tinnitus Care: A Feasibility Study of the Oto Smartphone Application"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Boaz","family":"Mui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jameel","family":"Muzaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7The Clinician Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niranjan","family":"Bidargaddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giriraj Singh","family":"Shekhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"(6)","key":"c1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Adapting personal therapies using a mobile application for tinnitus rehabilitation: a preliminary study","volume":"130","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"(9904)","key":"c2","first-page":"1600","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c3","first-page":"540","article-title":"A comparison of nature and technical sounds for tinnitus therapy","volume":"102","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Acust United Acust"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"c4","first-page":"29","article-title":"Management of tinnitus in covid-19 outbreak: a comparative study between mindfulness based tinnitus stress reduction and tinnitus retraining therapy","volume":"25","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c5","first-page":"636","article-title":"A qualitative study on factors modulating tinnitus experience","volume":"40","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"c7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39076","DOI":"10.2196\/39076","article-title":"Effectiveness of telerehabilitation interventions for self-management of tinnitus: systematic review","volume":"25","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c8","first-page":"605","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of tinnitus apps","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"c9","first-page":"335","article-title":"Gender similarities and differences for e-health behaviors among U.S. adults","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telemed e-Health"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"c10","first-page":"e2022302","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of telehealth utilization in the United States","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"c11","first-page":"206","article-title":"Different teams, same conclusions? A systematic review of existing clinical guidelines for the assessment and treatment of tinnitus in adults","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"c12","first-page":"CD012614","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"c13","first-page":"92","article-title":"Digital na(t)ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the \u201cnet generation","volume":"80","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociol Inq"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"c14","first-page":"784","article-title":"Development and field testing of a smartphone \u201capp\u201d for tinnitus management","volume":"56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"c15","first-page":"649","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus","volume":"80","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"c16","first-page":"888","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"c17","first-page":"528","article-title":"Tinnitus therapy using tailor-made notched music delivered via a smartphone application and ginko combined treatment: a pilot study","volume":"44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"c18","first-page":"e172","article-title":"Predictors of eHealth usage: insights on the digital divide from the health information national trends survey 2012","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c19","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Effectiveness of tinnitus therapy using a mobile application","volume":"279","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"c20","first-page":"1635","article-title":"A review of tinnitus symptoms beyond \u2018ringing in the ears\u2019: a call to action","volume":"27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"c21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66050-6","article-title":"Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: tinnitus research initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006","volume":"166","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"c22","first-page":"920","article-title":"Tinnitus: causes and clinical management","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"(suppl 3)","key":"c23","first-page":"778","article-title":"Getting connected: a retrospective cohort investigation of video-to-home telehealth for mental health care utilization among women veterans","volume":"37","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"c24","first-page":"867","article-title":"Contemporary review of smartphone apps for tinnitus management and treatment","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"c25","first-page":"153","article-title":"The tinnitus functional index: development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"c26","first-page":"731","article-title":"Age-based disparities in telehealth use in an urban, underserved population in cancer and pulmonary clinics: a need for policy change","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"(18)","key":"c27","first-page":"4201","article-title":"Auricular acupressure combined with self-help intervention for treating chronic tinnitus: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"c28","first-page":"55","article-title":"Chronic primary tinnitus: a management dilemma","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Audiol Res"},{"key":"c29","first-page":"2","article-title":"The effects of positive visualization with and without sound on sleep actigraphy measures in a small sample of tinnitus patients","volume":"2","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Audiol Otol"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"c30","first-page":"6881","article-title":"Systematic review on healthcare and societal costs of tinnitus","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c31","first-page":"316","article-title":"Tinnitus suppression in cochlear implant patients using a sound therapy app","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"},{"year":"2024","key":"c32","article-title":"3. Internet, smartphone and social media use"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"c33","first-page":"2079","article-title":"A multidisciplinary systematic review of the treatment for chronic idiopathic tinnitus","volume":"274","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"c34","first-page":"e11500","article-title":"The mHealth app usability questionnaire (MAUQ): development and validation study","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/aaa\/jaaa\/2025\/00000036\/00000004\/art00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:12:54Z","timestamp":1761297174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.3766\/jaaa.240054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1050-0545(20250701)36:4L.309;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3766\/jaaa.240054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-0545"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1050-0545"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}