{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:34:07Z","timestamp":1787870047897,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The purpose of the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement in Tinnitus (COSIT) is to set treatment goals and assess individual outcomes. The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) was developed as a comprehensive questionnaire to measure individual and population responses\n to tinnitus therapies.\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the convergent validity and responsiveness of the COSIT and TFI.\n                    <jats:bold>Study Sample:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A secondary data analysis of COSIT and TFI measures from 99 participants who used sound-based therapy with hearing aids or earphones\n was undertaken.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Athematic analysis of COSIT goals was applied. Nonparametric statistical methods were used to measure convergence of COSIT \u201cchange with treatment scores\u201d and \u201cfinal scores\u201d to change in TFI scores pretreatment\n and posttreatment and the final TFI scores with treatment. The level of agreement between the measures was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Treatment responsiveness was determined by comparing treatment-related change in total scores and subscales for responders versus\n nonresponders. Responders were classified as having &gt;13-point change in the total TFI score and COSIT \u201cchange\u201d score of &gt;2 (3 = slightly better to 5 = much better).\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The five most common COSIT goals were reducing tinnitus impact by addressing (1)\n well-being, (2) hearing, (3) sleep, (4) focus, and (5) context. The TFI and COSIT change scores and TFI and COSIT final scores showed moderate to strong agreement. The COSIT classified a higher percentage (78 percent) of participants as responders than the TFI did (43 percent). There was a\n fair agreement between the clinically meaningful change scores for TFI and COSIT (\u03ba = 0.29).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The TFI and COSIT measured similar constructs, and both differentiated responders from nonresponders. Our results are consistent with the COSIT being an ideal\n \u201cone for one\u201d tool because of its high responsiveness to individual goals. The TFI is better suited as a \u201cone for all\u201d questionnaire because of its universal content. Clinical trials should consider use of both the COSIT and TFI because of their different, but complementary,\n strengths.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.240110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1757311526000},"page":"2-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["One for One or One for All? A Comparison of the Tinnitus Functional Index and the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement in Tinnitus as Outcome Measures"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Grant D.","family":"Searchfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Audiology, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Audiology, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"(3)","key":"c1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qualitative Research"},{"key":"c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596037","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.596037","article-title":"All for one and one for all?\u2014examining convergent validity and responsiveness of the German versions of the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ), tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and tinnitus functional index (TFI)","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376600","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1376600","article-title":"Editorial: towards an understanding of tinnitus heterogeneity, volume II","volume":"16","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"c4","first-page":"609","article-title":"Psychometric validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the tinnitus functional index","volume":"29","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"c5","first-page":"27","article-title":"Client oriented scale of improvement (COSI) and its relationship to several other measures of benefit and satisfaction provided by hearing aids","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"c6","first-page":"35","article-title":"There\u2019s a SMART way to write managements\u2019s goals and objectives","volume":"70","year":"1981","journal-title":"Management Review,"},{"key":"c7","first-page":"4","article-title":"Questionnaires to measure tinnitus severity","volume":"22","year":"2014","journal-title":"ENT&Audiology News,"},{"key":"c8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.09.009","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the tinnitus functional index (TFI): assessment in a UK research volunteer population","volume":"335","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"c9","first-page":"726","article-title":"Integrating distribution-based and anchor-based techniques to identify minimal important change for the tinnitus functional index (TFI) questionnaire","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"c10","first-page":"166","article-title":"The tinnitus questionnaire. 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How to interpret a Spearman or Kendall correlation"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/aaa\/jaaa\/2026\/00000037\/00000001\/art00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T04:31:30Z","timestamp":1773203490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.3766\/jaaa.240110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1050-0545(20260101)37:1L.2;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3766\/jaaa.240110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-0545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-0545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}