{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:39:53Z","timestamp":1792697993055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"78","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/50358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]],"date-time":"2013-08-05T21:13:17Z","timestamp":1375737197000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET:  Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Evan D.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Normandin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian C.","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly P.","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.891501","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nonparametric extraction of transient changes in neurotransmitter concentration from dynamic PET data","volume":"26","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Constantinescu, C.C., Bouman, C., & Morris, E.D. Nonparametric extraction of transient changes in neurotransmitter concentration from dynamic PET data. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 26, 359-373 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/5\/012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimation from PET data of transient changes in dopamine concentration induced by alcohol: support for a non-parametric signal estimation method","volume":"53","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Constantinescu, C.C., et al. Estimation from PET data of transient changes in dopamine concentration induced by alcohol: support for a non-parametric signal estimation method. Phys. Med Biol. 53, 1353-1367 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Med Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.082","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noninvasive visualization of human dopamine dynamics from PET images","volume":"51","author":"Morris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morris, E.D., Constantinescu, C.C., Sullivan, J.M., Normandin, M.D., & Christopher, L.A. Noninvasive visualization of human dopamine dynamics from PET images. NeuroImage. 51, 135-144 (2010).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-007-0124-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Initial comparison of ntPET with microdialysis measurements of methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in rats: support for estimation of dopamine curves from PET data","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morris, E.D., Normandin, M.D., & Schiffer, W.K. Initial comparison of ntPET with microdialysis measurements of methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in rats: support for estimation of dopamine curves from PET data. Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging. 10, 67-73 (2008).","journal-title":"Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2005.05130","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ntPET: a new application of PET imaging for characterizing the kinetics of endogenous neurotransmitter release","volume":"4","author":"Morris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morris, E.D., et al. ntPET: a new application of PET imaging for characterizing the kinetics of endogenous neurotransmitter release. Molecular Imaging. 4, 473-489 (2005).","journal-title":"Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.046","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimating neurotransmitter kinetics with ntPET: A simulation study of temporal precision and effects of biased data","volume":"39","author":"Normandin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Normandin, M.D., & Morris, E.D. Estimating neurotransmitter kinetics with ntPET: A simulation study of temporal precision and effects of biased data. NeuroImage. 39, 1162-1179 (2008).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A linear model for estimation of neurotransmitter response profiles from dynamic PET data","volume":"59","author":"Normandin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Normandin, M.D., Schiffer, W.K., & Morris, E.D. A linear model for estimation of neurotransmitter response profiles from dynamic PET data. NeuroImage. 59, 2689-2699 (2012).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.073999","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic PET denoising with HYPR processing","volume":"51","author":"Christian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christian, B.T., Vandehey, N.T., Floberg, J.M., & Mistretta, C.A. Dynamic PET denoising with HYPR processing. Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 51, 1147-1154 (2010).","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000085441.37552.CA","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Linearized reference tissue parametric imaging methods: application to [11C]DASB positron emission tomography studies of the serotonin transporter in human brain","volume":"23","author":"Ichise","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ichise, M., et al. Linearized reference tissue parametric imaging methods: application to [11C]DASB positron emission tomography studies of the serotonin transporter in human brain. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 23, 1096-1112 (2003).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics","volume":"49","author":"Benowitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benowitz, N.L. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 49, 57-71 (2009).","journal-title":"Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD","author":"Volkow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Volkow, N.D., & Swanson, J.M. Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. The American journal of psychiatry. 160, 1909-1918 (2003).","journal-title":"The American journal of psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats","volume":"85","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1988","unstructured":"Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 5274-5278 (1988).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20066","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The hedonic response to cigarette smoking is proportional to dopamine release in the human striatum as measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride","volume":"54","author":"Barrett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barrett, S.P., Boileau, I., Okker, J., Pihl, R.O., & Dagher, A. The hedonic response to cigarette smoking is proportional to dopamine release in the human striatum as measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride. Synapse. 54, 65-71 (2004).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.808","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gene variants of brain dopamine pathways and smoking-induced dopamine release in the ventral caudate\/nucleus accumbens","volume":"63","author":"Brody","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brody, A.L., et al. Gene variants of brain dopamine pathways and smoking-induced dopamine release in the ventral caudate\/nucleus accumbens. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 63, 808-816 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1211","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Smoking-induced ventral striatum dopamine release","volume":"161","author":"Brody","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brody, A.L., et al. Smoking-induced ventral striatum dopamine release. The American journal of psychiatry. 161, 1211-1218 (2004).","journal-title":"The American journal of psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20419","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effect of nicotine on striatal dopamine release in man: A [11C]raclopride PET study","volume":"61","author":"Montgomery","year":"2007","unstructured":"Montgomery, A.J., Lingford-Hughes, A.R., Egerton, A., Nutt, D.J., & Grasby, P.M. The effect of nicotine on striatal dopamine release in man: A [11C]raclopride PET study. Synapse. 61, 637-645 (2007).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301238","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Smoking modulation of mu-opioid and dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in humans","volume":"32","author":"Scott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scott, D.J., et al. Smoking modulation of mu-opioid and dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 32, 450-457 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008103","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enhanced dopamine release by nicotine in cigarette smokers: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takahashi, H., et al. Enhanced dopamine release by nicotine in cigarette smokers: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 11, 413-417 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460030105","type":"journal-article","article-title":"In vivo imaging of neuromodulation using positron emission tomography: Optimal ligand characteristics and task length for detection of activation","volume":"3","author":"Morris","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morris, E.D., Fisher, R.E., Alpert, N.M., Rauch, S.L., & Fischman, A.J. In vivo imaging of neuromodulation using positron emission tomography: Optimal ligand characteristics and task length for detection of activation. Human Brain Mapping. 3, 35-55 (1995).","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00186-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel method for noninvasive detection of neuromodulatory changes in specific neurotransmitter systems","volume":"19","author":"Alpert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alpert, N.M., Badgaiyan, R.D., Livni, E., & Fischman, A.J. A novel method for noninvasive detection of neuromodulatory changes in specific neurotransmitter systems. NeuroImage. 19, 1049-1060 (2003).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"3281","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record","volume":"3285","author":"Carson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carson, R.E., Barker, W.C., Jeih-San, L., & Johnson, C.A. In: Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE., Vol. 3285., 3281-3285 (2003).","journal-title":"2003 IEEE"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of bolus and infusion methods for receptor quantitation: application to [18F]cyclofoxy and positron emission tomography","volume":"13","author":"Carson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carson, R.E., et al. Comparison of bolus and infusion methods for receptor quantitation: application to [18F]cyclofoxy and positron emission tomography. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 13, 24-42 (1993).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast robust automated brain extraction","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith, S.M. Fast robust automated brain extraction. Human brain mapping. 17, 143-155 (2002).","journal-title":"Human brain mapping"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4718669","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improved kinetic analysis of dynamic PET data with optimized HYPR-LR","volume":"39","author":"Floberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Floberg, J.M., et al. Improved kinetic analysis of dynamic PET data with optimized HYPR-LR. Medical physics. 39, 3319-3331 (2012).","journal-title":"Medical physics"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000048520.34839.1A","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum","volume":"23","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martinez, D., et al. Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 23, 285-300 (2003).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1936","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correction of head movement on PET studies: comparison of methods","volume":"47","author":"Montgomery","year":"2006","unstructured":"Montgomery, A.J., et al. Correction of head movement on PET studies: comparison of methods. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 47, 1936-1944 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"903","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Change in binding potential as a quantitative index of neurotransmitter release is highly sensitive to relative timing and kinetics of the tracer and the endogenous ligand","volume":"45","author":"Yoder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoder, K.K., Wang, C., & Morris, E.D. Change in binding potential as a quantitative index of neurotransmitter release is highly sensitive to relative timing and kinetics of the tracer and the endogenous ligand. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 45, 903-911 (2004).","journal-title":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"ref28","author":"Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, S., et al. In: The 9th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the Living Brain., NRM12, (2012)."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-005-0932-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Imaging the dopamine system with in vivo [11C]raclopride displacement studies: understanding the true mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Ginovart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ginovart, N. Imaging the dopamine system with in vivo [11C]raclopride displacement studies: understanding the true mechanism. Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging. 7, 45-52 (2005).","journal-title":"Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sullivan, J.M., Kim, S.J., Cosgrove, K.P., & Morris, E.D. In: The 9th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the Living Brain. NRM12, (2012)."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8122-8","type":"book","volume-title":"Simultaneous Statistical Inference","author":"Miller","year":"1981","unstructured":"Miller, R.G. Simultaneous Statistical Inference 2nd Ed. (1981)."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measuring endogenous 5-HT release by emission tomography: promises and pitfalls","volume":"30","author":"Paterson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paterson, L.M., Tyacke, R.J., Nutt, D.J., & Knudsen, G.M. Measuring endogenous 5-HT release by emission tomography: promises and pitfalls. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 30, 1682-1706 (2010).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20946","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of in vivo pharmacological properties and sensitivity to endogenous serotonin of [11C] P943: a positron emission tomography study in Papio anubis","volume":"65","author":"Ridler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ridler, K., et al. Characterization of in vivo pharmacological properties and sensitivity to endogenous serotonin of [11C] P943: a positron emission tomography study in Papio anubis. Synapse. 65, 1119-1127 (2011).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20942","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessing the sensitivity of [(1)(1)C]p943, a novel 5-HT1B radioligand, to endogenous serotonin release","volume":"65","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cosgrove, K.P., et al. Assessing the sensitivity of [(1)(1)C]p943, a novel 5-HT1B radioligand, to endogenous serotonin release. Synapse. 65, 1113-1117 (2011).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20780","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fenfluramine-induced serotonin release decreases [11C]AZ10419369 binding to 5-HT1B-receptors in the primate brain","volume":"64","author":"Finnema","year":"2010","unstructured":"Finnema, S.J., et al. Fenfluramine-induced serotonin release decreases [11C]AZ10419369 binding to 5-HT1B-receptors in the primate brain. Synapse. 64, 573-577 (2010).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.172","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Confirmation of fenfluramine effect on 5-HT(1B) receptor binding of [(11)C]AZ10419369 using an equilibrium approach","volume":"32","author":"Finnema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Finnema, S.J., Varrone, A., Hwang, T.J., Halldin, C., & Farde, L. Confirmation of fenfluramine effect on 5-HT(1B) receptor binding of [(11)C]AZ10419369 using an equilibrium approach. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 32, 685-695 (2012).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600359","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Positron emission tomography displacement sensitivity: predicting binding potential change for positron emission tomography tracers based on their kinetic characteristics","volume":"27","author":"Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris, E.D., & Yoder, K.K. Positron emission tomography displacement sensitivity: predicting binding potential change for positron emission tomography tracers based on their kinetic characteristics. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 27 (2007).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0303","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Parametric imaging of ligand-receptor binding in PET using a simplified reference region model","volume":"6","author":"Gunn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gunn, R.N., Lammertsma, A.A., Hume, S.P., & Cunningham, V.J. Parametric imaging of ligand-receptor binding in PET using a simplified reference region model. NeuroImage. 6, 279-287 (1997).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199601000-00005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of methods for analysis of clinical [11C]raclopride studies","volume":"16","author":"Lammertsma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lammertsma, A.A., et al. Comparison of methods for analysis of clinical [11C]raclopride studies. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 16, 42-52 (1996).","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jove.com\/video\/50358\/creating-dynamic-images-short-lived-dopamine-fluctuations-with-lp","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:59:00Z","timestamp":1792695540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/50358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/50358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]}}}