{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:38:46Z","timestamp":1792694326192,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"88","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/51665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T10:31:00Z","timestamp":1402914660000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Riikka","family":"M\u00f6tt\u00f6nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate E.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2009.10.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of mirror neurons in speech and language processing","volume":"112","author":"Hickok","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hickok, G. The role of mirror neurons in speech and language processing. Brain Lang. 112, 1-2, doi:S0093-934X(09)00150-3 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: computational basis and neural organization","volume":"69","author":"Hickok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hickok, G., Houde, J., & Rong, F. Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: computational basis and neural organization. Neuron. 69, 407-422, doi:S0896-6273(11)00067-5 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reflections on mirror neurons and speech perception","volume":"13","author":"Lotto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lotto, A. J., Hickok, G. S., & Holt, L. L. Reflections on mirror neurons and speech perception. Trends Cogn Sci. 13, 110-114, doi:10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.008 (2009).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2811","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Active perception: sensorimotor circuits as a cortical basis for language","volume":"11","author":"Pulvermuller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pulvermuller, F., & Fadiga, L. Active perception: sensorimotor circuits as a cortical basis for language. Nat Rev Neurosci. 11, 351-360, doi:nrn2811(2010).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2603","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A little more conversation, a little less action--candidate roles for the motor cortex in speech perception","volume":"10","author":"Scott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott, S. K., McGettigan, C., & Eisner, F. A little more conversation, a little less action--candidate roles for the motor cortex in speech perception. Nat Rev Neurosci. 10, 295-302, doi:10.1038\/nrn2603 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90021-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The motor theory of speech perception revised","volume":"21","author":"Liberman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Liberman, A., & Mattingly, I. G. The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition. 21, 1-36 (1985).","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1037\/h0020279","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perception of the speech code","volume":"74","author":"Liberman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., & Studdert-Kennedy, M. Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review. 74, 431-461 (1967).","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2011.619515","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using TMS to study the role of the articulatory motor system in speech perception","volume":"26","author":"Mottonen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mottonen, R., & Watkins, K. E. Using TMS to study the role of the articulatory motor system in speech perception. Aphasiology. 26, 1103-1118, doi:10.1080\/02687038.2011.619515 (2012).","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01874.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: a TMS study","volume":"15","author":"Fadiga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., Buccino, G., & Rizzolatti, G. Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: a TMS study. Eur J Neurosci. 15, 399-402 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00316-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production","volume":"41","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watkins, K. E., Strafella, A. P., & Paus, T. Seeing and hearing speech excites the motor system involved in speech production. Neuropsychologia. 41, 989-994 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4520","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00067.2005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Simple metric for scaling motor threshold based on scalp-cortex distance: application to studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"94","author":"Stokes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stokes, M. G. et al. Simple metric for scaling motor threshold based on scalp-cortex distance: application to studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 94, 4520-4527, doi:00067.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Observation-execution matching and action inhibition in human primary motor cortex during viewing of speech-related lip movements or listening to speech","author":"Murakami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murakami, T., Restle, J., & Ziemann, U. Observation-execution matching and action inhibition in human primary motor cortex during viewing of speech-related lip movements or listening to speech. Neuropsychologia. doi:S0028-3932(11)00180-1 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2013.03.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Motor excitability during visual perception of known and unknown spoken languages","volume":"126","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swaminathan, S. et al. Motor excitability during visual perception of known and unknown spoken languages. Brain Lang. 126, 1-7, doi:10.1016\/j.bandl.2013.03.002 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929041502616","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modulation of motor excitability during speech perception: the role of Broca's area","volume":"16","author":"Watkins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watkins, K., & Paus, T. Modulation of motor excitability during speech perception: the role of Broca's area. J Cogn Neurosci. 16, 978-987 (2004).","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chen, R. et al. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology. 48, 1398-1403 (1997).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs110","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Auditory-motor processing of speech sounds","volume":"23","author":"Mottonen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mottonen, R., Dutton, R., & Watkins, K. E. Auditory-motor processing of speech sounds. Cereb Cortex. 23, 1190-1197, doi:10.1093\/cercor\/bhs110 (2013).","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2214-13.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Attention fine-tunes auditory-motor processing of speech sounds","volume":"34","author":"Mottonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mottonen, R., van de Ven, G. M., & Watkins, K.E. Attention fine-tunes auditory-motor processing of speech sounds. J Neurosci. 34, 4064-4069, doi: 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2214-13.2014 (2014).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9819","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6018-08.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Motor representations of articulators contribute to categorical perception of speech sounds","volume":"29","author":"Mottonen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mottonen, R., & Watkins, K. E. Motor representations of articulators contribute to categorical perception of speech sounds. J Neurosci. 29, 9819-9825, doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6018-08.2009 (2009).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200205070-00015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuronal tissue polarization induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Sommer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sommer, M., Lang, N., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. Neuronal tissue polarization induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation? Neuroreport. 13, 809-811 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.08.064","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The essential role of premotor cortex in speech perception","volume":"17","author":"Meister","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meister, I. G., Wilson, S. M., Deblieck, C., Wu, A. D., & Iacoboni, M. The essential role of premotor cortex in speech perception. Curr Biol. 17, 1692-1696, doi:S0960-9822(07)01969-0 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rossi, S., Hallett, M., Rossini, P. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 120, 2008-2039, doi:10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.01.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The motor somatotopy of speech perception","volume":"19","author":"D'Ausilio","year":"2009","unstructured":"D'Ausilio, A. et al. The motor somatotopy of speech perception. Curr Biol. 19, 381-385, doi:10.1016\/j.cub.2009.01.017 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.09.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effective connectivity hierarchically links temporoparietal and frontal areas of the auditory dorsal stream with the motor cortex lip area during speech perception","volume":"122","author":"Murakami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murakami, T., Restle, J., & Ziemann, U. Effective connectivity hierarchically links temporoparietal and frontal areas of the auditory dorsal stream with the motor cortex lip area during speech perception. Brain Lang. 122, 135-141, doi:10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.09.005 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron. 45, 201-206, doi:S0896627304008463 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs147","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity","volume":"23","author":"Hamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamada, M., Murase, N., Hasan, A., Balaratnam, M., & Rothwell, J. C. The role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity. Cereb Cortex. 23, 1593-1605, doi:10.1093\/cercor\/bhs147 (2013).","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jove.com\/video\/51665\/stimulating-lip-motor-cortex-with-transcranial-magnetic","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:53:14Z","timestamp":1792691594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/51665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"88","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/51665","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,14]]}}}