{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:39:33Z","timestamp":1792687173366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"101","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/53161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T20:00:06Z","timestamp":1437076806000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photothrombosis-induced Focal Ischemia as a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Hailong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gourav","family":"Roy Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinghua","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1674-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: a systematic review of current treatment options","volume":"469","author":"Cadotte","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cadotte, D. W., Fehlings, M. G. Spinal cord injury: a systematic review of current treatment options. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469, (3), 732-741 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.91","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal cord injury models: a review","volume":"52","author":"Cheriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheriyan, T., et al. Spinal cord injury models: a review. Spinal Cord. 52, (8), 588-595 (2014).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Secondary injury mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"11","author":"Young","year":"1993","unstructured":"Young, W. Secondary injury mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury. J Emerg Med. 11, Suppl 1. 13-22 (1993).","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref4","type":"book","article-title":"Apoptosis and delayed degeneration after spinal cord injury in rats and monkeys","volume-title":"Nat Med","author":"Crowe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crowe, M. J., Bresnahan, J. C., Shuman, S. L., Masters, J. N., Beattie, M. S. Apoptosis and delayed degeneration after spinal cord injury in rats and monkeys. Nat Med. 3, (1), 73-76 (1997)."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3086-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow and parenchymal hemorrhage size in acute-phase experimental spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Soubeyrand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soubeyrand, M., et al. Effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow and parenchymal hemorrhage size in acute-phase experimental spinal cord injury. Eur Spine J. 23, (3), 658-665 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1376","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318269790f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time and spatial quantification using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of spinal cord perfusion during experimental spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Soubeyrand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soubeyrand, M., et al. Real-time and spatial quantification using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of spinal cord perfusion during experimental spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37, (22), E1376-E1382 (2012).","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.7.673","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vascular events after spinal cord injury: contribution to secondary pathogenesis)","volume":"80","author":"Mautes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mautes, A. E., Weinzierl, M. R., Donovan, F., Noble, L. J. Vascular events after spinal cord injury: contribution to secondary pathogenesis). Phys Ther. 80, (7), 673-687 (2000).","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5395","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05395.1997","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuronal and glial apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu, X. Z., et al. Neuronal and glial apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 17, (14), 5395-5406 (1997).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref9","first-page":"1434","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An experimental study of cell apoptosis and correlative gene expression after tractive spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, L., et al. An experimental study of cell apoptosis and correlative gene expression after tractive spinal cord injury in rats. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 42, (23), 1434-1437 (2004).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200008000-00018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Activated protein C reduces the ischemia\/reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting neutrophil activation","volume":"232","author":"Hirose","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hirose, K., et al. Activated protein C reduces the ischemia\/reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting neutrophil activation. Ann Surg. 232, (2), 272-280 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2011-1848","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: a nugget of this multiply cascade","volume":"71","author":"Oyinbo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oyinbo, C. A. Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: a nugget of this multiply cascade. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 71, (2), 281-299 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04130-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"State-of-the-art of neuromonitoring for prevention of immediate and delayed paraplegia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta surgery)","volume":"74","author":"Guerit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guerit, J. M., Dion, R. A. State-of-the-art of neuromonitoring for prevention of immediate and delayed paraplegia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta surgery). Ann Thorac Surg. 74, (5), S1867-S1869 (2002).","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.03.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: results of conventional open surgery","volume":"37","author":"Schepens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schepens, M. A., Heijmen, R. H., Ranschaert, W., Sonker, U., Morshuis, W. J. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: results of conventional open surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 37, (6), 640-645 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-1-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems","volume":"1","author":"Braeuninger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braeuninger, S., Kleinschnitz, C. Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 1, 8 (2009).","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.3.396","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rodent models of focal stroke: size, mechanism, and purpose","volume":"2","author":"Carmichael","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carmichael, S. T. Rodent models of focal stroke: size, mechanism, and purpose. NeuroRx. 2, (3), 396-409 (2005).","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1986.31","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photochemically induced cortical infarction in the rat. 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences","volume":"6","author":"Dietrich","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dietrich, W. D., Ginsberg, M. D., Busto, R., Watson, B. D. Photochemically induced cortical infarction in the rat. 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 6, (2), 184-194 (1986).","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.71","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuronal protective role of PBEF in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, W., et al. Neuronal protective role of PBEF in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 30, (12), 1962-1971 (2010).","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20130002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inhibition of the group I mGluRs reduces acute brain damage and improves long-term histological outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischaemia","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, H., Zhang, N., Sun, G., Ding, S. Inhibition of the group I mGluRs reduces acute brain damage and improves long-term histological outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischaemia. ASN Neuro. 5, (3), 195-207 (2013).","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-58","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Histological, cellular and behavioral assessments of stroke outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischemia in adult mice","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, H., et al. Histological, cellular and behavioral assessments of stroke outcomes after photothrombosis-induced ischemia in adult mice. BMC Neurosci. 15, 58 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5099\/aj100100033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Controlling the Volume of the Focal Cerebral Ischemic Lesion through Photothrombosis","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, T., Cui, W., Xie, Y., Zhang, W., Ding, S. Controlling the Volume of the Focal Cerebral Ischemic Lesion through Photothrombosis. American Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2, (1), 33-42 (2010).","journal-title":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00072-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Non-invasive induction of focal cerebral ischemia in mice by photothrombosis of cortical microvessels: characterization of inflammatory responses","volume":"117","author":"Schroeter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schroeter, M., Jander, S., Stoll, G. Non-invasive induction of focal cerebral ischemia in mice by photothrombosis of cortical microvessels: characterization of inflammatory responses. J Neurosci Methods. 117, (1), 43-49 (2002).","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8719(92)90013-Q","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photochemically induced, graded cerebral infarction in the mouse by laser irradiation evolution of brain edema","volume":"27","author":"Boquillon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Boquillon, M., Boquillon, J. P., Bralet, J. Photochemically induced, graded cerebral infarction in the mouse by laser irradiation evolution of brain edema. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 27, (1), 1-6 (1992).","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00237-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The cytosolic antioxidant, copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase, attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative cellular injury after photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim, G. W., Lewen, A., Copin, J., Watson, B. D., Chan, P. H. The cytosolic antioxidant, copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase, attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative cellular injury after photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Neuroscience. 105, (4), 1007-1018 (2001).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-4-13","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photochemically induced ischemic stroke in rats","volume":"4","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt, A., et al. Photochemically induced ischemic stroke in rats. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 4, (1), 13 (2012).","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.1.208","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal cord ischemia. Development of a model in the mouse","volume":"31","author":"Lang-Lazdunski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lang-Lazdunski, L., et al. Spinal cord ischemia. Development of a model in the mouse. Stroke. 31, (1), 208-213 (2000).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.04.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of a simplified spinal cord ischemia model in mice","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Z., et al. Development of a simplified spinal cord ischemia model in mice. J Neurosci Methods. 189, (2), 246-251 (2010).","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"76","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/50370-v","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photothrombotic ischemia: a minimally invasive and reproducible photochemical cortical lesion model for mouse stroke studies","author":"Labat-gest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Labat-gest, V., Tomasi, S. Photothrombotic ischemia: a minimally invasive and reproducible photochemical cortical lesion model for mouse stroke studies. J Vis Exp. (76), (2013).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96013","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.9.096013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Induction and imaging of photothrombotic stroke in conscious and freely moving rats","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu, H., et al. Induction and imaging of photothrombotic stroke in conscious and freely moving rats. J Biomed Opt. 19, (9), 96013 (2014).","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Induction of ischemic stroke in awake freely moving mice reveals that isoflurane anesthesia can mask the benefits of a neuroprotection therapy","volume":"6","author":"Seto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seto, A., et al. Induction of ischemic stroke in awake freely moving mice reveals that isoflurane anesthesia can mask the benefits of a neuroprotection therapy. Front Neuroenergetics. 6, (1), (2014).","journal-title":"Front Neuroenergetics"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"ref30","first-page":"S152","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-dependent microglial activation mediates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"128","author":"Bell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bell, M. T., et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent microglial activation mediates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Circulation. 128, (11 Suppl 1), S152-S156 (2013).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"ref31","first-page":"S110","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The evolution of chemokine release supports a bimodal mechanism of spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"126","author":"Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith, P. D., et al. The evolution of chemokine release supports a bimodal mechanism of spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury. Circulation. 126, (11 Suppl 1), S110-S117 (2012).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.111","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oxidative stress in spinal cord injury and antioxidant-based intervention","volume":"50","author":"Jia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jia, Z., et al. Oxidative stress in spinal cord injury and antioxidant-based intervention. Spinal Cord. 50, (4), 264-274 (2012).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jove.com\/video\/53161\/photothrombosis-induced-focal-ischemia-as-model-spinal-cord-injury","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:01:12Z","timestamp":1792684872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/53161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"101","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/53161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]}}}