{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:40:19Z","timestamp":1792680019120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"118","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/54806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1482260408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Backes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Hanlon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata M.","family":"Szydlowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Harvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9451","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, H. Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. ACS Nano. 9, 9451-9469 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11700","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA00252D","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene","volume":"3","author":"Yi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yi, M., & Shen, Z. A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene. J. Mat. Chem. A. 3, 11700-11715 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1021\/nn500064s","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging Device Applications for Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides","volume":"8","author":"Jariwala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jariwala, D., Sangwan, V. K., Lauhon, L. J., Marks, T. J., & Hersam, M. C. Emerging Device Applications for Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS Nano. 8, 1102-1120 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226419","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials","volume":"340","author":"Nicolosi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nicolosi, V., Chhowalla, M., Kanatzidis, M. G., Strano, M. S., & Coleman, J. N. Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials. Science. 340, 1420 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1021\/nn400280c","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene","volume":"7","author":"Butler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Butler, S. Z., et al. Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene. ACS Nano. 7, 2898-2926 (2013).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201506410","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional crystals-based functional inks","author":"Bonaccorso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonaccorso, F., Bartolotta, A., Coleman, J. N., & Backes, C. Two-dimensional crystals-based functional inks. Adv. Mater., accepted (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.218","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrifying inks with 2D materials","volume":"9","author":"Torrisi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torrisi, F., & Coleman, J. N. Electrifying inks with 2D materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 738-739 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194975","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials","volume":"331","author":"Coleman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coleman, J. N., et al. Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials. Science. 331, 568-571 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102584","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-Scale Exfoliation of Inorganic Layered Compounds in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith, R. J., et al. Large-Scale Exfoliation of Inorganic Layered Compounds in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions. Adv. Mater. 23, 3944-3948 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Size selection of dispersed, exfoliated graphene flakes by controlled centrifugation","volume":"50","author":"Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan, U., O'Neill, A., Porwal, H., May, P., Nawaz, K., & Coleman, J. N. Size selection of dispersed, exfoliated graphene flakes by controlled centrifugation. Carbon. 50, 470-475 (2012).","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6478","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Thickness sorting of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides via copolymer-assisted density gradient ultracentrifugation","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang, J., Seo, J.-W. T., Alducin, D., Ponce, A., Yacaman, M. J., & Hersam, M. C. Thickness sorting of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides via copolymer-assisted density gradient ultracentrifugation. Nat. Commun. 5, 5478 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4576","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5576","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Edge and Confinement Effects Allow in situ Measurement of Size and Thickness of Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets","volume":"5","author":"Backes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Backes, C., et al. Edge and Confinement Effects Allow in situ Measurement of Size and Thickness of Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets. Nat. Commun. 5, 4576 ncomms5576 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b07228","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Production of Highly Monolayer Enriched Dispersions of Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets by Liquid Cascade Centrifugation","volume":"10","author":"Backes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Backes, C., et al. Production of Highly Monolayer Enriched Dispersions of Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets by Liquid Cascade Centrifugation. ACS Nano. 10 1589-1601 (2016).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1021\/nl902200b","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Solution Phase Production of Graphene with Controlled Thickness via Density Differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Green","year":"2009","unstructured":"Green, A. A., & Hersam, M. C. Solution Phase Production of Graphene with Controlled Thickness via Density Differentiation. Nano Lett. 9, 4031-4036 (2009).","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b00910","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preparation of Gallium Sulfide Nanosheets by Liquid Exfoliation and Their Application As Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts","volume":"27","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harvey, A., et al. Preparation of Gallium Sulfide Nanosheets by Liquid Exfoliation and Their Application As Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts. Chem. Mater. 27, 3483-3493 (2015).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9563","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Liquid Exfoliation of Solvent-Stabilised Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Applications Beyond Electronics","volume":"6","author":"Hanlon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanlon, D., et al. Liquid Exfoliation of Solvent-Stabilised Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Applications Beyond Electronics. Nat. Commun. 6, 8563 ncomms9563 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR08047A","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spectroscopic metrics allow in-situ measurement of mean size and thickness of liquid-exfoliated few-layered graphene nanosheets","volume":"8","author":"Backes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Backes, C., et al. Spectroscopic metrics allow in-situ measurement of mean size and thickness of liquid-exfoliated few-layered graphene nanosheets. Nanoscale. 8, 4311-4323 (2016).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Tutorial Courses on Transmission Electron Microscopy","author":"Rodenburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodenburg, J. Tutorial Courses on Transmission Electron Microscopy., <http:\/\/www.rodenburg.org\/> (2016)."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16088","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cp43035e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Composition of the outermost layer and concentration depth profiles of ammonium nitrate ionic liquid surfaces","volume":"14","author":"Ridings","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ridings, C., Warr, G. G., & Andersson, G. G. Composition of the outermost layer and concentration depth profiles of ammonium nitrate ionic liquid surfaces. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 16088-16095 (2012).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2008.06.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anomalies in thickness measurements of graphene and few layer graphite crystals by tapping mode atomic force microscopy","volume":"46","author":"Nemes-Incze","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nemes-Incze, P., Osv\u00e1th, Z., Kamar\u00e1s, K., & Bir\u00f3, L. P. Anomalies in thickness measurements of graphene and few layer graphite crystals by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Carbon. 46, 1435-1442 (2008).","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3944","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids","volume":"13","author":"Paton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paton, K. R., et al. Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids. Nat. Mater. 13, 624-630 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502848102","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional atomic crystals","volume":"102","author":"Novoselov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Novoselov, K. S., et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. U. S. 102, 10451-10453 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. U. S"},{"key":"ref23","type":"book","volume-title":"Nanoscale","author":"Kouroupis-Agalou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kouroupis-Agalou, K., et al. Nanoscale. 6, 5926-5933 (2014)."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1021\/cm500271u","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Production of Molybdenum Trioxide Nanosheets by Liquid Exfoliation and Their Application in High-Performance Supercapacitors","volume":"26","author":"Hanlon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hanlon, D., et al. Production of Molybdenum Trioxide Nanosheets by Liquid Exfoliation and Their Application in High-Performance Supercapacitors. Chem. Mater. 26, 1751-1763 (2014).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5000354","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dependence of the Absorption and Optical Surface Plasmon Scattering of MoS2 Nanoparticles on Aspect Ratio, Size, and Media","volume":"8","author":"Yadgarov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yadgarov, L., et al. Dependence of the Absorption and Optical Surface Plasmon Scattering of MoS2 Nanoparticles on Aspect Ratio, Size, and Media. ACS Nano. 8, 3575-3583 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00018736900101307","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transition metal dichalcogenides. Discussion and interpretation of the observed optical, electrical, and structural properties","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wilson, J. A., & Yoffe, A. D. Transition metal dichalcogenides. Discussion and interpretation of the observed optical, electrical, and structural properties. Adv. Phys,. 18, 193-335 (1969).","journal-title":"Adv. Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jove.com\/video\/54806\/preparation-liquid-exfoliated-transition-metal-dichalcogenide","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:52:33Z","timestamp":1792677153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/54806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"118","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/54806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]}}}