{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:05:43Z","timestamp":1792674343819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"131","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/56910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1515783611000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Nermi L.","family":"Parrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Christian","family":"Violet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Nichols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne A.","family":"Pittman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Fitzhugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narla","family":"Mohandas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Tisdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","first-page":"315","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automated ektacytometry: a new method of measuring red cell deformability and red cell indices","volume":"6","author":"Bessis","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bessis, M., Mohandas, N. and Feo, C. Automated ektacytometry: a new method of measuring red cell deformability and red cell indices. Blood Cells. 6 (3), 315-327 (1980).","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V61.5.899.899","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: comprehensive characterization of red cell volume and surface maintenance","volume":"61","author":"Clark","year":"1983","unstructured":"Clark, M. R., Mohandas, N., & Shohet, S. B. Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: comprehensive characterization of red cell volume and surface maintenance. Blood. 61 (5), 899-910 (1983).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2015.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnostic tool for red blood cell membrane disorders: Assessment of a new generation ektacytometer","volume":"56","author":"Da Costa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Da Costa, L. et al. Diagnostic tool for red blood cell membrane disorders: Assessment of a new generation ektacytometer. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 56 (1), 9-22 (2016).","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109650","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deformability of oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells","volume":"65","author":"Clark","year":"1980","unstructured":"Clark, M. R., Mohandas, N. and Shohet, S. B. Deformability of oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells. J Clin Invest. 65 (1), 189-196 (1980).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"ref5","first-page":"159","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deformability analysis of sickle blood using ektacytometry","volume":"51","author":"Rabai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rabai, M. et al. Deformability analysis of sickle blood using ektacytometry. Biorheology. 51 (2-3), 159-170 (2014).","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"229","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Laser Diffraction Patterns of Sickle Cells in Fluid Shear Fields","volume":"3","author":"Bessis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bessis, M. and Mohandas, N. Laser Diffraction Patterns of Sickle Cells in Fluid Shear Fields. Blood Cells. 3 229-239 (1977).","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"ref7","type":"book","volume-title":"Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology","author":"Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Kim, K. and Park, Y. in Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology. (ed Terry E. Moschandreou) InTech, (2012)."},{"issue":"13","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14173","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.014173","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of the fraction poorly deformable red blood cells using ektacytometry","volume":"18","author":"Streekstra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Streekstra, G. J., Dobbe, J. G. and Hoekstra, A. G. Quantification of the fraction poorly deformable red blood cells using ektacytometry. Opt Express. 18 (13), 14173-14182 (2010).","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-151979","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Importance of methodological standardization for the ektacytometric measures of red blood cell deformability in sickle cell anemia","volume":"62","author":"Renoux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Renoux, C. et al. Importance of methodological standardization for the ektacytometric measures of red blood cell deformability in sickle cell anemia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 62 (2), 173-179 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2017.04.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurements of red cell deformability and hydration reflect HbF and HbA2 in blood from patients with sickle cell anemia","volume":"65","author":"Parrow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parrow, N. L. et al. Measurements of red cell deformability and hydration reflect HbF and HbA2 in blood from patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 65 41-50 (2017).","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.8.2154.2154","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Red blood cell changes during the evolution of the sickle cell painful crisis","volume":"79","author":"Ballas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ballas, S. K. and Smith, E. D. Red blood cell changes during the evolution of the sickle cell painful crisis. Blood. 79 (8), 2154-2163 (1992).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199605000-00005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Osmotic scan ektacytometry in clinical diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnson, R. M. and Ravindranath, Y. Osmotic scan ektacytometry in clinical diagnosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 18 (2), 122-129 (1996).","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109888","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of factors regulating erythrocyte deformability","volume":"66","author":"Mohandas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mohandas, N., Clark, M. R., Jacobs, M. S. and Shohet, S. B. Analysis of factors regulating erythrocyte deformability. J Clin Invest. 66 (3), 563-573 (1980).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0290","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Next-generation osmotic gradient ektacytometry for the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis: interlaboratory method validation and experience","volume":"55","author":"Lazarova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lazarova, E., Gulbis, B., Oirschot, B. V. and van Wijk, R. Next-generation osmotic gradient ektacytometry for the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis: interlaboratory method validation and experience. Clin Chem Lab Med. 55 (3), 394-402 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.1999.11746471","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Erythrocyte Deformability is Reduced and Fragility increased by Iron Deficiency","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anderson, C., Aronson, I. and Jacobs, P. Erythrocyte Deformability is Reduced and Fragility increased by Iron Deficiency. Hematology. 4 (5), 457-460 (1999).","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13052","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Washing stored red blood cells in an albumin solution improves their morphologic and hemorheologic properties","volume":"55","author":"Reinhart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reinhart, W. H. et al. Washing stored red blood cells in an albumin solution improves their morphologic and hemorheologic properties. Transfusion. 55 (8), 1872-1881 (2015).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","first-page":"253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Progressive impairment of erythrocyte deformability as indicator of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Shin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shin, S. et al. Progressive impairment of erythrocyte deformability as indicator of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 36 (3), 253-261 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.049","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Low Red Blood Cell Vitamin C Concentrations Induce Red Blood Cell Fragility: A Link to Diabetes Via Glucose, Glucose Transporters, and Dehydroascorbic Acid","volume":"2","author":"Tu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tu, H. et al. Low Red Blood Cell Vitamin C Concentrations Induce Red Blood Cell Fragility: A Link to Diabetes Via Glucose, Glucose Transporters, and Dehydroascorbic Acid. EBioMedicine. 2 (11), 1735-1750 (2015).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-414557","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A switch in infected erythrocyte deformability at the maturation and blood circulation of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages","volume":"119","author":"Tiburcio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tiburcio, M. et al. A switch in infected erythrocyte deformability at the maturation and blood circulation of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages. Blood. 119 (24), e172-180 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77279-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new determination of the shear modulus of the human erythrocyte membrane using optical tweezers","volume":"76","author":"Henon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Henon, S., Lenormand, G., Richert, A. and Gallet, F. A new determination of the shear modulus of the human erythrocyte membrane using optical tweezers. Biophys J. 76 (2), 1145-1151 (1999).","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","first-page":"169","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic deformation of the human red blood cell with optical tweezers","volume":"1","author":"Mills","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mills, J. P., Qie, L., Dao, M., Lim, C. T. and Suresh, S. Nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic deformation of the human red blood cell with optical tweezers. Mech Chem Biosyst. 1 (3), 169-180 (2004).","journal-title":"Mech Chem Biosyst"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4919010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automatic real time evaluation of red blood cell elasticity by optical tweezers","volume":"86","author":"Moura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moura, D. S. et al. Automatic real time evaluation of red blood cell elasticity by optical tweezers. Rev Sci Instrum. 86 (5), 053702 (2015).","journal-title":"Rev Sci Instrum"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(73)86036-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New membrane concept applied to the analysis of fluid shear- and micropipette-deformed red blood cells","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"1973","unstructured":"Evans, E. A. New membrane concept applied to the analysis of fluid shear- and micropipette-deformed red blood cells. Biophys J. 13 (9), 941-954 (1973).","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1234","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of the erythrocyte deformability using atomic force microscopy: correlation study of the erythrocyte deformability with atomic force microscopy and hemorheology","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, X., Feng, L., Jin, H., Feng, S. and Yu, Y. Quantification of the erythrocyte deformability using atomic force microscopy: correlation study of the erythrocyte deformability with atomic force microscopy and hemorheology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 43 (3), 243-251 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1187","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Red blood cell-deformability measurement: review of techniques","volume":"42","author":"Musielak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Musielak, M. Red blood cell-deformability measurement: review of techniques. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 42 (1), 47-64 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.10171","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement of the distribution of red blood cell deformability using an automated rheoscope","volume":"50","author":"Dobbe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dobbe, J. G., Streekstra, G. J., Hardeman, M. R., Ince, C., & Grimbergen, C. A. Measurement of the distribution of red blood cell deformability using an automated rheoscope. Cytometry. 50 (6), 313-325 (2002).","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0528","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analyzing red blood cell-deformability distributions","volume":"28","author":"Dobbe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dobbe, J. G. et al. Analyzing red blood cell-deformability distributions. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 28 (3), 373-384 (2002).","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478493","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Improved filtration method for red cell deformability measurement","volume":"21","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kikuchi, Y., Arai, T. and Koyama, T. Improved filtration method for red cell deformability measurement. Med Biol Eng Comput. 21 (3), 270-276 (1983).","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","first-page":"829","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new micropore filtration approach to the analysis of white cell rheology","volume":"27","author":"Moessmer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moessmer, G. and Meiselman, H. J. A new micropore filtration approach to the analysis of white cell rheology. Biorheology. 27 (6), 829-848 (1990).","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.03.038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microfluidic analysis of red blood cell deformability","volume":"47","author":"Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo, Q. et al. Microfluidic analysis of red blood cell deformability. J Biomech. 47 (8), 1767-1776 (2014).","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4704923","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Deformation measurement of individual cells in large populations using a single-cell microchamber array chip","volume":"100","author":"Doh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doh, I., Lee, W. C., Cho, Y. H., Pisano, A. P. and Kuypers, F. A. Deformation measurement of individual cells in large populations using a single-cell microchamber array chip. Appl Phys Lett. 100 (17), 173702-173703 (2012).","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","first-page":"251","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of three commercially available ektacytometers with different shearing geometries","volume":"46","author":"Baskurt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baskurt, O. K. et al. Comparison of three commercially available ektacytometers with different shearing geometries. Biorheology. 46 (3), 251-264 (2009).","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1202","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques","volume":"42","author":"Baskurt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baskurt, O. K. et al. New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 42 (2), 75-97 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1178","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of storage duration and temperature of human blood on red cell deformability and aggregation","volume":"41","author":"Uyuklu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uyuklu, M. et al. Effects of storage duration and temperature of human blood on red cell deformability and aggregation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 41 (4), 269-278 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2009-1168","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of hemoglobin oxygenation level on red blood cell deformability and aggregation parameters","volume":"41","author":"Uyuklu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uyuklu, M., Meiselman, H. J. and Baskurt, O. K. Effect of hemoglobin oxygenation level on red blood cell deformability and aggregation parameters. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 41 (3), 179-188 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111181","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Concurrent sickle cell anemia and alpha-thalassemia. Effect on pathological properties of sickle erythrocytes","volume":"73","author":"Embury","year":"1984","unstructured":"Embury, S. H., Clark, M. R., Monroy, G. and Mohandas, N. Concurrent sickle cell anemia and alpha-thalassemia. Effect on pathological properties of sickle erythrocytes. J Clin Invest. 73 (1), 116-123 (1984).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-151944","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlation between blood rheological properties and red blood cell indices(MCH, MCV, MCHC) in healthy women","volume":"62","author":"von Tempelhoff","year":"2016","unstructured":"von Tempelhoff, G. F. et al. Correlation between blood rheological properties and red blood cell indices(MCH, MCV, MCHC) in healthy women. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 62 (1), 45-54 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2013.04.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders","volume":"27","author":"Da Costa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Da Costa, L., Galimand, J., Fenneteau, O. and Mohandas, N. Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders. Blood Rev. 27 (4), 167-178 (2013).","journal-title":"Blood Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/video\/56910\/measuring-deformability-red-cell-heterogeneity-blood","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:58:09Z","timestamp":1792670289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/56910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"131","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/56910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]}}}