{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:12:54Z","timestamp":1792800774864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"159","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/61165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T09:37:16Z","timestamp":1590140236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Infection of Zebrafish Larvae with <em>Aspergillus<\/em> Spores for Analysis of Host-Pathogen Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Savini","family":"Thrikawala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E.","family":"Rosowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis","volume":"12","author":"Latge","year":"1999","unstructured":"Latge, J. P. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12 (2), 310-350 (1999).","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1086\/513943","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis","volume":"26","author":"Denning","year":"1998","unstructured":"Denning, D. W. Invasive aspergillosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 26 (4), 781-803; quiz 804-785 (1998).","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00055-08","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis","volume":"22","author":"Dagenais","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dagenais, T. R., Keller, N. P. Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 22 (3), 447-465 (2009).","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1086\/318483","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lin, S. J., Schranz, J., Teutsch, S. M. Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 32 (3), 358-366 (2001).","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2019.01.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Usefulness of animal models of aspergillosis in studying immunity against Aspergillus infections","volume":"29","author":"Mirkov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirkov, I., Popov, A., Lazovic, B., Glamoclija, J., Kataranovski, M. Usefulness of animal models of aspergillosis in studying immunity against Aspergillus infections. Journal de Mycologie M\u00e9dicale. 29 (1), 84-96 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal de Mycologie M\u00e9dicale"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110489","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to Aspergillus. Observations on these two lines of defense in vivo and in vitro with human and mouse phagocytes","volume":"69","author":"Schaffner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schaffner, A., Douglas, H., Braude, A. Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to Aspergillus. Observations on these two lines of defense in vivo and in vitro with human and mouse phagocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 69 (3), 617-631 (1982).","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Environmental dimensionality controls the interaction of phagocytes with the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans","volume":"3","author":"Behnsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behnsen, J. et al. Environmental dimensionality controls the interaction of phagocytes with the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. PLoS Pathogens. 3 (2), e13, (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.10.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Zebrafish Infection: From Pathogenesis to Cell Biology","volume":"28","author":"Torraca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torraca, V., Mostowy, S. Zebrafish Infection: From Pathogenesis to Cell Biology. Trends in Cell Biology. 28 (2), 143-156 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4040136","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Zebrafish as a Model Host for Invasive Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Rosowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosowski, E. E. et al. The Zebrafish as a Model Host for Invasive Fungal Infections. Journal of Fungi. 4 (4), (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.17.3735","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ontogeny and behaviour of early macrophages in the zebrafish embryo","volume":"126","author":"Herbomel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Herbomel, P., Thisse, B., Thisse, C. Ontogeny and behaviour of early macrophages in the zebrafish embryo. Development. 126 (17), 3735-3745 (1999).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"254","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Zebrafish as a Model Organism to Study Development of the Immune System","volume":"81","author":"Traver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Traver, D. et al. The Zebrafish as a Model Organism to Study Development of the Immune System. Advances in Immunology. 81, 254-330 (2003).","journal-title":"Advances in Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00080-14","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distinct innate immune phagocyte responses to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and hyphae in zebrafish larvae","volume":"13","author":"Knox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knox, B. P. et al. Distinct innate immune phagocyte responses to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and hyphae in zebrafish larvae. Eukaryotic Cell. 13 (10), 1266-1277 (2014).","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007229","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Macrophages inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus germination and neutrophil-mediated fungal killing","volume":"14","author":"Rosowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosowski, E. E. et al. Macrophages inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus germination and neutrophil-mediated fungal killing. PLoS Pathogens. 14 (8), e1007229 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49284-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus establishes infection in zebrafish by germination of phagocytized conidia, while Aspergillus niger relies on extracellular germination","volume":"9","author":"Koch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koch, B. E. V., Hajdamowicz, N. H., Lagendijk, E., Ram, A. F. J., Meijer, A. H. Aspergillus fumigatus establishes infection in zebrafish by germination of phagocytized conidia, while Aspergillus niger relies on extracellular germination. Scientific Reports. 9 (1), 12791 (2019).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000113","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000113","type":"journal-article","article-title":"beta-glucan-dependent shuttling of conidia from neutrophils to macrophages occurs during fungal infection establishment","volume":"17","author":"Pazhakh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pazhakh, V., Ellett, F., Croker, B. A. beta-glucan-dependent shuttling of conidia from neutrophils to macrophages occurs during fungal infection establishment. PLoS Biology. 17 (9), e3000113 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404556","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phagocytosis-dependent activation of a TLR9-BTK-calcineurin-NFAT pathway co-ordinates innate immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"7","author":"Herbst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herbst, S. et al. Phagocytosis-dependent activation of a TLR9-BTK-calcineurin-NFAT pathway co-ordinates innate immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus. EMBO Molecular Medicine. 7 (3), 240-258 (2015).","journal-title":"EMBO Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201601-0070OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Calcineurin Orchestrates Lateral Transfer of Aspergillus fumigatus during Macrophage Cell Death","volume":"194","author":"Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah, A. et al. Calcineurin Orchestrates Lateral Transfer of Aspergillus fumigatus during Macrophage Cell Death. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 194 (9), 1127-1139 (2016).","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2018.05.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selenate sensitivity of a laeA mutant is restored by overexpression of the bZIP protein MetR in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"117","author":"Jain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jain, S. et al. Selenate sensitivity of a laeA mutant is restored by overexpression of the bZIP protein MetR in Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 117, 1-10 (2018).","journal-title":"Fungal Genetics and Biology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00644","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bifunctional Small Molecules Enhance Neutrophil Activities Against Aspergillus fumigatus in vivo and in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, C. N. et al. Bifunctional Small Molecules Enhance Neutrophil Activities Against Aspergillus fumigatus in vivo and in vitro. Frontiers in Immunology. 10, 644 (2019).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"00917","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficacy of voriconazole against A. fumigatus infection depends on host immune function","author":"Rosowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosowski, E. E., He, J., Huisken, J., Keller, N. P., Huttenlocher, A. Efficacy of voriconazole against A. fumigatus infection depends on host immune function. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 10.1128\/aac.00917-19, (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","first-page":"643","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new and clinically relevant murine model of solid-organ transplant aspergillosis","volume":"6","author":"Herbst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herbst, S. et al. A new and clinically relevant murine model of solid-organ transplant aspergillosis. Disease Models and Mechanisms. 6 (3), 643-651 (2013).","journal-title":"Disease Models and Mechanisms"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2017.05.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time visualization of immune cell clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus spores and hyphae","volume":"105","author":"Knox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knox, B. P., Huttenlocher, A., Keller, N. P. Real-time visualization of immune cell clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus spores and hyphae. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 105, 52-54 (2017).","journal-title":"Fungal Genetics and Biology"},{"issue":"98","key":"ref23","first-page":"e52788","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection","author":"Harvie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harvie, E. A., Huttenlocher, A. Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 10.3791\/52788 (98), (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s1012601-0053-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generating transparent zebrafish: a refined method to improve detection of gene expression during embryonic development","volume":"3","author":"Karlsson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karlsson, J., von Hofsten, J., Olsson, P. E. Generating transparent zebrafish: a refined method to improve detection of gene expression during embryonic development. Marine Biotechnology. 3 (6), 522-527 (2001).","journal-title":"Marine Biotechnology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-002-0279-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phenylthiourea disrupts thyroid function in developing zebrafish","volume":"212","author":"Elsalini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elsalini, O. A., Rohr, K. B. Phenylthiourea disrupts thyroid function in developing zebrafish. Development Genes and Evolution. 212 (12), 593-598 (2003).","journal-title":"Development Genes and Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2016.1323","type":"journal-article","article-title":"zWEDGI: Wounding and Entrapment Device for Imaging Live Zebrafish Larvae","volume":"14","author":"Huemer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huemer, K. et al. zWEDGI: Wounding and Entrapment Device for Imaging Live Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish. 14 (1), 42-50 (2017).","journal-title":"Zebrafish"},{"issue":"128","key":"ref27","first-page":"e56340","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-term Live Imaging Device for Improved Experimental Manipulation of Zebrafish Larvae","author":"Huemer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huemer, K. et al. Long-term Live Imaging Device for Improved Experimental Manipulation of Zebrafish Larvae. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 10.3791\/56340 (128), (2017).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-015-0015-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Update on Antifungal Drug Resistance","volume":"2","author":"Perlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perlin, D. S., Shor, E., Zhao, Y. Update on Antifungal Drug Resistance. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports. 2 (2), 84-95 (2015).","journal-title":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/61165\/infection-zebrafish-larvae-with-aspergillus-spores-for-analysis-host","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:11:08Z","timestamp":1792624268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/61165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"159","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/61165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]}}}