{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:40:58Z","timestamp":1792626058011,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"159","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/61439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T09:40:47Z","timestamp":1590140447000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"B\u0105czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Krutki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Ergogenic Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Exercise Performance","volume":"8","author":"Angius","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angius, L., Hopker, J., Mauger, A.R. The Ergogenic Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Exercise Performance. Frontiers in Physiology. 8, 90 (2017).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0173846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173846","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation induces lasting fatigue resistance and enhances explosive vertical jump performance","volume":"12","author":"Berry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berry, H.R., Tate, R.J., Conway, B.A. Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation induces lasting fatigue resistance and enhances explosive vertical jump performance. PloS One. 12 (4), e0173846 (2017).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.10.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) selectively inhibits the synaptic efficacy of nociceptive transmission at spinal cord level","volume":"393","author":"Lenoir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lenoir, C., Jankovski, A., Mouraux, A. Anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) selectively inhibits the synaptic efficacy of nociceptive transmission at spinal cord level. Neuroscience. 393, 150\u2013163 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.02.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling the current density generated by transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS)","volume":"125","author":"Parazzini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parazzini, M. et al. Modeling the current density generated by transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS). Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 125 (11), 2260\u20132270 (2014).","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0244-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pilot study of feasibility and effect of anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"57","author":"Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi, Y.A., Kim, Y., Shin, H.I. Pilot study of feasibility and effect of anodal transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on chronic neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 57 (6), 461\u2013470 (2019).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277740","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Non-invasive spinal direct current simulation for spasticity therapy following spinal cord injury: mechanistic insights contributing to long-term treatment effects","volume":"597","author":"G\u00f3mez-Soriano","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Soriano, J., Meg\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, A., Serrano-Mu\u00f1oz, D., Osuagwu, B., Taylor, J. Non-invasive spinal direct current simulation for spasticity therapy following spinal cord injury: mechanistic insights contributing to long-term treatment effects. The Journal of Physiology. 597 (8), 2121\u20132122 (2019).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-0438-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to improve muscle strength and motor functionality after incomplete spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo, A.V.L. et al. Effectiveness of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to improve muscle strength and motor functionality after incomplete spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spinal Cord. (2020).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0591-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combining transcranial direct-current stimulation with gait training in patients with neurological disorders: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"de Paz","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Paz, R.H., Serrano-Mu\u00f1oz, D., P\u00e9rez-Nombela, S., Bravo-Esteban, E., Avenda\u00f1o-Coy, J., G\u00f3mez-Soriano, J. Combining transcranial direct-current stimulation with gait training in patients with neurological disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 16 (1), 114 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12696","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modulation of gamma and alpha spinal motor neurons activity by trans-spinal direct current stimulation: effects on reflexive actions and locomotor activity","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, Z. Modulation of gamma and alpha spinal motor neurons activity by trans-spinal direct current stimulation: effects on reflexive actions and locomotor activity. Physiological Reports. 4 (3) (2016).","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285940","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Presynaptic and postsynaptic effects of local cathodal DC polarization within the spinal cord in anaesthetized animal preparations","volume":"593","author":"Bolzoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bolzoni, F., Jankowska, E. Presynaptic and postsynaptic effects of local cathodal DC polarization within the spinal cord in anaesthetized animal preparations. The Journal of Physiology. 593 (4), 947\u2013966 (2015).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00063","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation","volume":"3","author":"Cogiamanian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cogiamanian, F. et al. Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 3 (2012).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4445-13.2014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trans-spinal direct current stimulation alters muscle tone in mice with and without spinal cord injury with spasticity","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed, Z. Trans-spinal direct current stimulation alters muscle tone in mice with and without spinal cord injury with spasticity. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 34 (5), 1701\u20131709 (2014).","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.244764","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evidence for long-lasting subcortical facilitation by transcranial direct current stimulation in the cat","volume":"591","author":"Bolzoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bolzoni, F., Pettersson, L.G., Jankowska, E. Evidence for long-lasting subcortical facilitation by transcranial direct current stimulation in the cat. The Journal of Physiology. 591 (13), 3381\u20133399 (2013).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635211002786","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Alpha, beta and gamma motoneurons: functional diversity in the motor system's final pathway","volume":"10","author":"Manuel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manuel, M., Zytnicki, D. Alpha, beta and gamma motoneurons: functional diversity in the motor system\u2019s final pathway. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience. 10 (3), 243\u2013276 (2011).","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005610","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Motor unit recruitment order during voluntary and electrically induced contractions in the tibialis anterior","volume":"114","author":"Feiereisen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Feiereisen, P., Duchateau, J., Hainaut, K. Motor unit recruitment order during voluntary and electrically induced contractions in the tibialis anterior. Experimental Brain Research. 114 (1), 117\u2013123 (1997).","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1139\/h97-038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanical properties and behaviour of motor units in the tibialis anterior during voluntary contractions","volume":"22","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Cutsem, M., Feiereisen, P., Duchateau, J., Hainaut, K. Mechanical properties and behaviour of motor units in the tibialis anterior during voluntary contractions. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee. 22 (6), 585\u2013597 (1997).","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.69.4.1160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Physiological properties of motoneurons innervating different muscle unit types in rat gastrocnemius","volume":"69","author":"Gardiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gardiner, P.F. Physiological properties of motoneurons innervating different muscle unit types in rat gastrocnemius. Journal of Neurophysiology. 69 (4), 1160\u20131170 (1993).","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12157","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trans-spinal direct current stimulation modifies spinal cord excitability through synaptic and axonal mechanisms","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed, Z. Trans-spinal direct current stimulation modifies spinal cord excitability through synaptic and axonal mechanisms. Physiological Reports. 2 (9) (2014).","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11246","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3260-09.2009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast kinetics, high-frequency oscillations, and subprimary firing range in adult mouse spinal motoneurons","volume":"29","author":"Manuel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manuel, M., Iglesias, C., Donnet, M., Leroy, F., Heckman, C.J., Zytnicki, D. Fast kinetics, high-frequency oscillations, and subprimary firing range in adult mouse spinal motoneurons. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 29 (36), 11246\u201311256 (2009).","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.01.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats","volume":"120","author":"Liebetanz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liebetanz, D., Koch, R., Mayenfels, S., K\u00f6nig, F., Paulus, W., Nitsche, M.A. Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 120 (6), 1161\u20131167 (2009).","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00236.2018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-term effects of direct current are reproduced by intermittent depolarization of myelinated nerve fibers","volume":"120","author":"B\u0105czyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u0105czyk, M., Jankowska, E. Long-term effects of direct current are reproduced by intermittent depolarization of myelinated nerve fibers. Journal of Neurophysiology. 120 (3), 1173\u20131185 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00803.2018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Motoneuron firing properties are modified by trans-spinal direct current stimulation in rats","volume":"126","author":"B\u0105czyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u0105czyk, M., Drzyma\u0142a-Celichowska, H., Mr\u00f3wczy\u0144ski, W., Krutki, P. Motoneuron firing properties are modified by trans-spinal direct current stimulation in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985). 126 (5), 1232\u20131241 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"ref23","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-lasting modifications of motoneuron firing properties by trans-spinal direct current stimulation in rats","author":"B\u0105czyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u0105czyk, M., Drzyma\u0142a-Celichowska, H., Mr\u00f3wczy\u0144ski, W., Krutki, P. Long-lasting modifications of motoneuron firing properties by trans-spinal direct current stimulation in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience. n\/a (n\/a) (2019).","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What does the ratio of injected current to electrode area tell us about current density in the brain during tDCS","volume":"120","author":"Miranda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miranda, P.C., Faria, P., Hallett, M. What does the ratio of injected current to electrode area tell us about current density in the brain during tDCS? Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 120 (6), 1183\u20131187 (2009).","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.247171","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cellular effects of acute direct current stimulation: somatic and synaptic terminal effects","volume":"591","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rahman, A. et al. Cellular effects of acute direct current stimulation: somatic and synaptic terminal effects. The Journal of Physiology. 591 (10), 2563\u20132578 (2013).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055772","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat hippocampal slices in vitro","volume":"557","author":"Bikson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bikson, M. et al. Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. The Journal of Physiology. 557 (Pt 1), 175\u2013190 (2004).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00169.2017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal control of motor outputs by intrinsic and externally induced electric field potentials","volume":"118","author":"Jankowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jankowska, E. Spinal control of motor outputs by intrinsic and externally induced electric field potentials. Journal of Neurophysiology. 118 (2), 1221\u20131234 (2017).","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.107292","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Frequency-current relationships of rat hindlimb alpha-motoneurones","volume":"573","author":"Button","year":"2006","unstructured":"Button, D.C., Gardiner, K., Marqueste, T., Gardiner, P.F. Frequency-current relationships of rat hindlimb alpha-motoneurones. The Journal of Physiology. 573 (Pt 3), 663\u2013677 (2006).","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/61439\/in-vivo-intracellular-recording-type-identified-rat-spinal","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:13:09Z","timestamp":1792624389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/61439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"159","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/61439","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}