{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:40:44Z","timestamp":1792618844194,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"173","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/62735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T20:00:14Z","timestamp":1625515214000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Si","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Paulhus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Glasscock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.074047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Specific pattern of ionic channel gene expression associated with pacemaker activity in the mouse heart","volume":"562","author":"Marionneau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marionneau, C. et al. Specific pattern of ionic channel gene expression associated with pacemaker activity in the mouse heart. Journal of Physiology. 562 (1), 223-234 (2005).","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/4.2.160","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man","author":"Josea","year":"1970","unstructured":"Josea, A. D., Collison, D. The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man. Cardiovascular Research. (4), 160-167 (1970).","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034453","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Annual Review of Physiology Cardiac Pacemaker Activity and Aging","volume":"82","author":"Peters","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peters, C. H., Sharpe, E. J., Proenza, C. Annual Review of Physiology Cardiac Pacemaker Activity and Aging. Annual Review of Physiology. 82, 21-43 (2019).","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","first-page":"172","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart","volume":"41","author":"Keith","year":"1907","unstructured":"Keith, A., Flack, M. The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart. Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. 41 (3), 172-189 (1907).","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy and Physiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.08.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system","volume":"199","author":"Wake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wake, E., Brack, K. Characterization of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Autonomic Neuroscience. 199 (2016).","journal-title":"Autonomic Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd7040054","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The intrinsic cardiac nervous system and its role in cardiac pacemaking and conduction","volume":"7","author":"Fedele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fedele, L., Brand, T. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system and its role in cardiac pacemaking and conduction. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 7 (4), 1-33 (2020).","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003093421006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The evaluation and management of bradycardia","volume":"342","author":"Mangrum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mangrum, J. M., DiMarco, J. P. The evaluation and management of bradycardia. New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (10), 703-709 (2000).","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","first-page":"1725","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Sick Sinus Syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Adan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adan, V., Crown, L. A. Diagnosis and treatment of Sick Sinus Syndrome. American Family Physician. 67 (8), 1725-1732 (2003).","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","first-page":"691","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sick Sinus Syndrome: A Review","volume":"87","author":"Semelka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Semelka, M., Gera, J., Usman, S. Sick Sinus Syndrome: A Review. American Family Physician. 87 (10), 691-696 (2013).","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0155421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155421","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies a novel LMNA splice-site mutation and multigenic heterozygosity of potential modifiers in a family with Sick Sinus Syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death","volume":"11","author":"Zaragoza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaragoza, M. V. et al. Exome sequencing identifies a novel LMNA splice-site mutation and multigenic heterozygosity of potential modifiers in a family with Sick Sinus Syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death. PLoS ONE. 11 (5), e0155421 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.037","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Present status of Brugada Syndrome: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"72","author":"Brugada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brugada, J., Campuzano, O., Arbelo, E., Sarquella-Brugada, G., Brugada, R. Present status of Brugada Syndrome: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9), 1046-1059 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.03.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and prognosis role of type 1 ST elevation in the peripheral ECG leads in patients with Brugada syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Rollin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rollin, A. et al. Prevalence, characteristics, and prognosis role of type 1 ST elevation in the peripheral ECG leads in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 10 (7), 1012-1018 (2013).","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017222011","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-222011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Seizure triggered by Sick Sinus Syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel, N., Majeed, F., Sule, A. A. Seizure triggered by Sick Sinus Syndrome. BMJ case reports. 4, bcr2017222011. (2017).","journal-title":"BMJ case reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01712.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of pharmacological autonomic blockade on complex fractionated atrial electrograms","volume":"21","author":"Knecht","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knecht, S. et al. Impact of pharmacological autonomic blockade on complex fractionated atrial electrograms. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 21 (7), 766-772 (2010).","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.02454.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Autonomic blockade unmasks maturational differences in rate-dependent atrioventricular nodal conduction and facilitation in the mouse","volume":"14","author":"Saba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saba, S., London, B., Ganz, L. Autonomic blockade unmasks maturational differences in rate-dependent atrioventricular nodal conduction and facilitation in the mouse. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 14 (2), 191-195 (2003).","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00917.2001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Strain-specific patterns of autonomic nervous system activity and heart failure susceptibility in mice","volume":"282","author":"Shusterman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shusterman, V. et al. Strain-specific patterns of autonomic nervous system activity and heart failure susceptibility in mice. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 282 (6), 51-56 (2002).","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0148858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148858","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Atrial anti-arrhythmic effects of heptanol in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts","volume":"11","author":"Tse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tse, G., Tse, V., Yeo, J. M., Sun, B. Atrial anti-arrhythmic effects of heptanol in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. PLoS ONE. 11 (2), e0148858 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1578","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01578","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01578","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of beat-to-beat variability of action potential durations in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts","volume":"9","author":"Tse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tse, G. et al. Quantification of beat-to-beat variability of action potential durations in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. Frontiers in Physiology. 9 (1578), e01578 (2018).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128765","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128765","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heterogeneity of the action potential duration is required for sustained atrial fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Avula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Avula, U. M. R. et al. Heterogeneity of the action potential duration is required for sustained atrial fibrillation. JCI Insight. 5 (11), e128765 (2019).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"135","key":"ref20","first-page":"e57617","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of intracardiac neurons on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis in an ex vivo Langendorff system","author":"Jungen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jungen, C. et al. Impact of intracardiac neurons on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis in an ex vivo Langendorff system. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (135), e57617 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cardiac mechano-electric coupling: Acute effects of mechanical stimulation on heart rate and rhythm","volume":"101","author":"Quinn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quinn, A. T., Kohl, P. Cardiac mechano-electric coupling: Acute effects of mechanical stimulation on heart rate and rhythm. Physiological Reviews. 101 (1), 37-92 (2021).","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The nervous heart","volume":"120","author":"Ripplinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ripplinger, C. M., Noujaim, S. F., Linz, D. The nervous heart. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 120 (1-3), 199-209 (2016).","journal-title":"Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80005-X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative quantitative study of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia and neurons in the rat, guinea pig, dog and human as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase","volume":"184","author":"Pauza","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pauza, D. H., Pauziene, N., Pakeltyte, G., Stropus, R. Comparative quantitative study of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia and neurons in the rat, guinea pig, dog and human as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase. Annals of Anatomy. 184, 125-136 (2002).","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12447","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12447","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of 4-aminopyridine on action potentials generation in mouse sinoauricular node strips","volume":"3","author":"Golovko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golovko, V., Gonotkov, M., Lebedeva, E. Effects of 4-aminopyridine on action potentials generation in mouse sinoauricular node strips. Physiological Reports. 3 (7), e12447 (2015).","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"116","key":"ref25","first-page":"e54555","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Methods for the isolation, culture, and functional characterization of sinoatrial node myocytes from adult mice","author":"Sharpe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharpe, E. J., St. Clair, J. R., Proenza, C. Methods for the isolation, culture, and functional characterization of sinoatrial node myocytes from adult mice. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (116), e54555 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2298-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of a photosensitization reaction performed during the first 3 min after exposure of rat myocardial cells to talaporfin sodium in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Doi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doi, M., Ogawa, E., Arai, T. Effect of a photosensitization reaction performed during the first 3 min after exposure of rat myocardial cells to talaporfin sodium in vitro. Lasers in Medical Science. 32 (8), 1873-1878 (2017).","journal-title":"Lasers in Medical Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25342","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new in vitro co-culture model using magnetic force-based nanotechnology","volume":"231","author":"Takanari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takanari, H. et al. A new in vitro co-culture model using magnetic force-based nanotechnology. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 231 (10), 2249-2256 (2016).","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00653.2013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid electrical stimulation causes alterations in cardiac intercellular junction proteins of cardiomyocytes","volume":"306","author":"Nakashima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakashima, T. et al. Rapid electrical stimulation causes alterations in cardiac intercellular junction proteins of cardiomyocytes. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 306 (9), H1324-H1333 (2014).","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-08-1065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of aldosterone on Cx43 gap junction expression in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes","volume":"73","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suzuki, S. et al. Effects of aldosterone on Cx43 gap junction expression in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes. Circulation Journal. 73 (8), eCJ-08-1065 (2009).","journal-title":"Circulation Journal"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.11.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"T-type Ca2+ channel blockers prevent cardiac cell hypertrophy through an inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT3 activation as well as L-type Ca2+ channel blockers","volume":"82","author":"Horiba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horiba, M. et al. T-type Ca2+ channel blockers prevent cardiac cell hypertrophy through an inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT3 activation as well as L-type Ca2+ channel blockers. Life Sciences. 82 (11-12), 554-560 (2008).","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","first-page":"914","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid electrical stimulation of contraction modulates gap junction protein in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes: involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and effects of angiotensin II receptor agonist","volume":"44","author":"Inoue","year":"2004","unstructured":"Inoue, N. et al. Rapid electrical stimulation of contraction modulates gap junction protein in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes: involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and effects of angiotensin II receptor agonist. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (4), 914-922 (2004).","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"16756","key":"ref32","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of fibrillin mutations on the behavior of heart muscle cells in Marfan syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Aalders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aalders, J. et al. Effects of fibrillin mutations on the behavior of heart muscle cells in Marfan syndrome. Scientific Reports. 10 (16756) (2020).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.05.042","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Creation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac cell sheets","volume":"32","author":"Matsuura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matsuura, K. et al. Creation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac cell sheets. Biomaterials. 32 (30), 7355-7362 (2011).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22251","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of a cell sheet-polymer film complex with temperature sensitivity for increased mechanical strength and cell alignment capability","volume":"103","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujita, H., Shimizu, K., Nagamori, E. Application of a cell sheet-polymer film complex with temperature sensitivity for increased mechanical strength and cell alignment capability. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 103 (2), 370-377 (2009).","journal-title":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0574","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generation of cardiac and endothelial cells from neonatal mouse testis-derived multipotent germline stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Baba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baba, S. et al. Generation of cardiac and endothelial cells from neonatal mouse testis-derived multipotent germline stem cells. Stem Cells. 25 (6), 1375-1383 (2007).","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.05.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flk1+ cardiac stem\/progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells improve cardiac function in a dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model","volume":"76","author":"Baba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baba, S. et al. Flk1+ cardiac stem\/progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells improve cardiac function in a dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model. Cardiovascular Research. 76 (1), 119-131 (2007).","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21094","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Construction of multi-layered cardiomyocyte sheets using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force","volume":"96","author":"Shimizu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shimizu, K. et al. Construction of multi-layered cardiomyocyte sheets using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 96 (4), 803-809 (2007).","journal-title":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.04.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrical coupling of cardiomyocyte sheets occurs rapidly via functional gap junction formation","volume":"27","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haraguchi, Y., Shimizu, T., Yamato, M., Kikuchi, A., Okano, T. Electrical coupling of cardiomyocyte sheets occurs rapidly via functional gap junction formation. Biomaterials. 27 (27), 4765-4774 (2006).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000181163.69108.dd","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tissue cardiomyoplasty using bioengineered contractile cardiomyocyte sheets to repair damaged myocardium: Their integration with recipient myocardium","volume":"80","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miyagawa, S. et al. Tissue cardiomyoplasty using bioengineered contractile cardiomyocyte sheets to repair damaged myocardium: Their integration with recipient myocardium. Transplantation. 80 (11), 1586-1595 (2005).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101817","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide links vascular endothelium and atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation","volume":"38","author":"Watts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Watts, M. et al. Decreased bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide links vascular endothelium and atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Redox Biology. 38, 101817 (2021).","journal-title":"Redox Biology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-151482","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction model of sinoatrial node field potential using high order partial least squares","volume":"26","author":"Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Cao, H., Zhang, Y. Prediction model of sinoatrial node field potential using high order partial least squares. Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering. 26, S1805-S1811 (2015).","journal-title":"Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-151380","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fuzzy linguistic prediction model for sinoatrial node field potential analysis in acute hyperglycemia environment","volume":"26","author":"Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Cao, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y. Fuzzy linguistic prediction model for sinoatrial node field potential analysis in acute hyperglycemia environment. Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering. 26 (Suppl 1), S881-887 (2015).","journal-title":"Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.14023FP","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Termination of aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation by the KACh-channel blocker tertiapin: underlying electrophysiological mechanism","volume":"125","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki, K., Matsumoto, A., Nishida, H., Reien, Y., Maruyama, H., Nakaya, H. Termination of aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation by the KACh-channel blocker tertiapin: underlying electrophysiological mechanism. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 125 (4), 406-414 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05553.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heart failure enhances arrhythmogenesis in pulmonary veins","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, S.-L. et al. Heart failure enhances arrhythmogenesis in pulmonary veins. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 38 (10), 666-674 (2011).","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn189","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Time-dependent block of ultrarapid-delayed rectifier K+ currents by aconitine, a potent cardiotoxin, in heart-derived H9c2 myoblasts and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, Y.-J. et al. Time-dependent block of ultrarapid-delayed rectifier K+ currents by aconitine, a potent cardiotoxin, in heart-derived H9c2 myoblasts and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Toxicological Sciences. 106 (2), 454-463 (2008).","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.06.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On the mechanisms of arrhythmias in the myocardium of mXin\u03b1-deficient murine left atrial-pulmonary veins","volume":"83","author":"Lai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lai, Y.-J., Huang, E. Y.-K., Yeh, H.-I., Chen, Y.-L., Lin, J. J.-C., Lin, C.-I. On the mechanisms of arrhythmias in the myocardium of mXin\u03b1-deficient murine left atrial-pulmonary veins. Life Sciences. 83 (7-8), 272-283 (2008).","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00806.2007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Loss of mXin\u03b1, an intercalated disk protein, results in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects","volume":"293","author":"Gustafson-Wagner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gustafson-Wagner, E. A. et al. Loss of mXin\u03b1, an intercalated disk protein, results in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 293 (5), H2680-H2692 (2007).","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00753.2003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current regulates pacemaker activity in adult mouse sinoatrial node cells","volume":"286","author":"Clark","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clark, R. B. et al. A rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current regulates pacemaker activity in adult mouse sinoatrial node cells. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 286, H1757-1766 (2004).","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.02.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Retrograde heart perfusion: The Langendorff technique of isolated heart perfusion","volume":"50","author":"Bell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bell, R. M., Mocanu, M. M., Yellon, D. M. Retrograde heart perfusion: The Langendorff technique of isolated heart perfusion. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 50 (6), 940-950 (2011).","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of the effects of Ryanodine, TTX, E-4031 and 4-AP on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes","volume":"96","author":"Nikmaram","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nikmaram, M. R. et al. Characterization of the effects of Ryanodine, TTX, E-4031 and 4-AP on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 96 (1-3), 452-464 (2008).","journal-title":"Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.139","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comprehensive multilevel in vivo and in vitro analysis of heart rate fluctuations in mice by ECG telemetry and electrophysiology","volume":"11","author":"Fenske","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fenske, S. et al. Comprehensive multilevel in vivo and in vitro analysis of heart rate fluctuations in mice by ECG telemetry and electrophysiology. Nature Protocols. 11 (1), 61-86 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-008-9301-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A model for mechano-electrical feedback effects on atrial flutter interval variability","volume":"70","author":"Mas\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mas\u00e9, M., Glass, L., Ravelli, F. A model for mechano-electrical feedback effects on atrial flutter interval variability. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 70 (5), 1326-1347 (2008).","journal-title":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(03)00013-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechano-electrical feedback underlying arrhythmias: The atrial fibrillation case","volume":"82","author":"Franz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franz, M. R., Bode, F. Mechano-electrical feedback underlying arrhythmias: The atrial fibrillation case. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 82 (1-3), 163-174 (2003).","journal-title":"Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.100776","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Properties of ivabradine-induced block of HCN1 and HCN4 pacemaker channels","volume":"572","author":"Bucchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bucchi, A., Tognati, A., Milanesi, R., Baruscotti, M., DiFrancesco, D. Properties of ivabradine-induced block of HCN1 and HCN4 pacemaker channels. Journal of Physiology. 572 (2), 335-346 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/62735\/microelectrode-array-recording-sinoatrial-node-firing-rate-to","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:20:49Z","timestamp":1792617649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/62735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"173","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/62735","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]}}}