{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:38:51Z","timestamp":1792607931573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"198","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/65414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T20:00:51Z","timestamp":1692388851000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Criselda","family":"Bautista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurdeep","family":"Jaswant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hollie","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Durrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace S. N.","family":"Kia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Ogoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Hampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstyn","family":"Brunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","type":"book","article-title":"Rhabdoviruses: rabies virus","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"Rupprecht","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rupprecht, C. E. Rhabdoviruses: rabies virus. In Medical Microbiology. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX. (1996)."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Rabies","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Rabies. at <https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/rabies>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: WHO TRS N\u00b01012","volume-title":"World Health Organization","author":"Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: WHO TRS N\u00b01012. at <https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/WHO-TRS-1012>. (2018)."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Defining new pathways to manage the ongoing emergence of bat rabies in Latin America","volume":"12","author":"Benavides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benavides, J. A. et al. Defining new pathways to manage the ongoing emergence of bat rabies in Latin America. Viruses. 12 (9), 1002 (2020).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies","volume":"9","author":"Hampson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hampson, K. et al. Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (4), e0003709 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Global genomic surveillance strategy for pathogens with pandemic and epidemic potential, 2022-2032","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global genomic surveillance strategy for pathogens with pandemic and epidemic potential, 2022-2032. at <https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240046979>. (2022)."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.10.030","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emergence of a sylvatic enzootic formosan ferret badger-associated rabies in Taiwan and the geographical separation of two phylogenetic groups of rabies viruses","volume":"182","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsai, K. J. et al. Emergence of a sylvatic enzootic formosan ferret badger-associated rabies in Taiwan and the geographical separation of two phylogenetic groups of rabies viruses. Veterinary Microbiology. 182, 28-34 (2016).","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2005.131389","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular characterization of cryptically circulating rabies virus from ferret badgers, Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Chiou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiou, H. -Y. et al. Molecular characterization of cryptically circulating rabies virus from ferret badgers, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (5), 790-798 (2014).","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.04.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) in South Africa","volume":"129","author":"Sabeta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sabeta, C. T., Mansfield, K. L., McElhinney, L. M., Fooks, A. R., Nel, L. H. Molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) in South Africa. Virus Research. 129 (1), 1-10 (2007).","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058739","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Complete genome and molecular epidemiological data infer the maintenance of rabies among kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Namibia","volume":"8","author":"Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott, T. P. et al. Complete genome and molecular epidemiological data infer the maintenance of rabies among kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Namibia. PLoS One. 8 (3), e58739 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01468.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem","volume":"45","author":"Lembo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lembo, T. et al. Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 45 (4), 1246-1257 (2008).","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.02.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging epidemic dog rabies in coastal South Africa: a molecular epidemiological analysis","volume":"126","author":"Coetzee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coetzee, P., Nel, L. H. Emerging epidemic dog rabies in coastal South Africa: a molecular epidemiological analysis. Virus Research. 126 (1-2), 186-195 (2007).","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.070","type":"journal-article","article-title":"First molecular analysis of rabies virus in Qatar and clinical cases imported into Qatar, a case report","volume":"96","author":"Ou de Munnink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oude Munnink, B. B. et al. First molecular analysis of rabies virus in Qatar and clinical cases imported into Qatar, a case report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 96, 323-326 (2020).","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Case report: Rapid ante-mortem diagnosis of a human case of rabies imported into the UK from the Philippines","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith, J. et al. Case report: Rapid ante-mortem diagnosis of a human case of rabies imported into the UK from the Philippines. Journal of Medical Virology. 69 (1), 150-155 (2003).","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and victim contact tracing of rabies virus from humans and dogs in Bali, Indonesia","volume":"142","author":"Mahardika","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahardika, G. N. K. et al. Phylogenetic analysis and victim contact tracing of rabies virus from humans and dogs in Bali, Indonesia. Epidemiology and Infection. 142 (6), 1146-1154 (2014).","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.12.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular and mathematical modeling analyses of inter-island transmission of rabies into a previously rabies-free island in the Philippines","volume":"38","author":"Tohma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tohma, K. et al. Molecular and mathematical modeling analyses of inter-island transmission of rabies into a previously rabies-free island in the Philippines. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 38, 22-28 (2016).","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phylogeographic analysis of rabies viruses in the Philippines","volume":"23","author":"Tohma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tohma, K. et al. Phylogeographic analysis of rabies viruses in the Philippines. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 23, 86-94 (2014).","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2144","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002144","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of genetically distinct rabies viruses in the Philippines","volume":"7","author":"Saito","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saito, M. et al. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of genetically distinct rabies viruses in the Philippines. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (4), e2144 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700741104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A high-resolution genetic signature of demographic and spatial expansion in epizootic rabies virus","volume":"104","author":"Biek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biek, R., Henderson, J. C., Waller, L. A., Rupprecht, C. E., Real, L. A. A high-resolution genetic signature of demographic and spatial expansion in epizootic rabies virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (19), 7993-7998 (2007).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-011-0601-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes","volume":"43","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reddy, G. B. M. et al. Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes. Virus Genes. 43 (1), 13-17 (2011).","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001180","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emergence of dog rabies in the northern region of Israel","volume":"137","author":"David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David, D., Dveres, N., Yakobson, B. A., Davidson, I. Emergence of dog rabies in the northern region of Israel. Epidemiology and Infection. 137 (4), 544-548 (2009).","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2789-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular genetic characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein gene sequences from rabid dogs in Bangkok and neighboring provinces in Thailand, 2013-2014","volume":"161","author":"Benjathummarak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjathummarak, S. et al. Molecular genetic characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein gene sequences from rabid dogs in Bangkok and neighboring provinces in Thailand, 2013-2014. Archives of Virology. 161 (5), 1261-1271 (2016).","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-52","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of rabies virus in Thailand: implications for disease control","volume":"5","author":"Denduangboripant","year":"2005","unstructured":"Denduangboripant, J. et al. Transmission dynamics of rabies virus in Thailand: implications for disease control. BMC Infectious Diseases. 5, 52 (2005).","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001166","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Phylodynamics and human-mediated dispersal of a zoonotic virus","volume":"6","author":"Talbi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talbi, C. et al. Phylodynamics and human-mediated dispersal of a zoonotic virus. PLoS Pathogens. 6 (10), e1001166 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005525","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Revealing the micro-scale signature of endemic zoonotic disease transmission in an African urban setting","volume":"12","author":"Bourhy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourhy, H. et al. Revealing the micro-scale signature of endemic zoonotic disease transmission in an African urban setting. PLoS Pathogens. 12 (4), e1005525 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"421","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6984","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Vaccination of dogs in an African city interrupts rabies transmission and reduces human exposure","volume":"9","author":"Zinsstag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zinsstag, J. et al. Vaccination of dogs in an African city interrupts rabies transmission and reduces human exposure. Science Translational Medicine. 9 (421), eaaf6984 (2017).","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19414-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tracking SARS-COV-2 variants using Nanopore sequencing in Ukraine in 2021","volume":"12","author":"Yakovleva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yakovleva, A. et al. Tracking SARS-COV-2 variants using Nanopore sequencing in Ukraine in 2021. Scientific Reports. 12 (1), 15749 (2022).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01896-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and spike protein mutational dynamics in a Swedish cohort during 2021, studied by Nanopore sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Mannsverk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannsverk, S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and spike protein mutational dynamics in a Swedish cohort during 2021, studied by Nanopore sequencing. Virology Journal. 19 (1), 164 (2022).","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836231","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.836231","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast and easy nanopore sequencing workflow for rapid genetic testing of familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"13","author":"Soufi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soufi, M. et al. Fast and easy nanopore sequencing workflow for rapid genetic testing of familial Hypercholesterolemia. Frontiers in Genetics. 13., 836231 (2022).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00632","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00632-20","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of targeted next-generation sequencing assay on a portable sequencing platform for culture-free detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis from clinical samples","volume":"58","author":"Cabibbe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabibbe, A. M. et al. Application of targeted next-generation sequencing assay on a portable sequencing platform for culture-free detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis from clinical samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 58 (10), e00632-20 (2020).","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref31","first-page":"2000004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanopore metagenomic sequencing of influenza virus directly from respiratory samples: diagnosis, drug resistance and nosocomial transmission, United Kingdom, 2018\/19 influenza season","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, Y. et al. Nanopore metagenomic sequencing of influenza virus directly from respiratory samples: diagnosis, drug resistance and nosocomial transmission, United Kingdom, 2018\/19 influenza season. Euro Surveillance. 26 (27), 2000004 (2021).","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-1294-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of a multiplex PCR and Nanopore-based method for dengue virus sequencing in Indonesia","volume":"17","author":"Stubbs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stubbs, S. C. B. et al. Assessment of a multiplex PCR and Nanopore-based method for dengue virus sequencing in Indonesia. Virology Journal. 17 (1), 24 (2020).","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2018.08.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid whole-genome based typing and surveillance of avipoxviruses using nanopore sequencing","volume":"261","author":"Croville","year":"2018","unstructured":"Croville, G. et al. Rapid whole-genome based typing and surveillance of avipoxviruses using nanopore sequencing. Journal of Virological Methods. 261, 34-39 (2018).","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28180-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus","volume":"8","author":"Theuns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Theuns, S. et al. Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus. Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 9830 (2018).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"01104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid sequence-based characterization of African swine fever virus by use of the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequence sensing device and a companion analysis software tool","volume":"58","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2019","unstructured":"O'Donnell, V. K. et al. Rapid sequence-based characterization of African swine fever virus by use of the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequence sensing device and a companion analysis software tool. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 58 .(1), e01104-19 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33713-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Brito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brito, A. F. et al. Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. Nature Communications. 13 (1), 7003 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"ONT login\/register","volume-title":"Oxford Nanopore Technology","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oxford Nanopore Technology. ONT login\/register. at <https:\/\/nanoporetech.com\/login-register>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Software Downloads","volume-title":"Oxford Nanopore Technology","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oxford Nanopore Technology. Software Downloads. at <https:\/\/community.nanoporetech.com\/downloads>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"GitHub","year":"2023","unstructured":"GitHub. at<https:\/\/github.com\/>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Artic-rabv","author":"Brunker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brunker, K. Artic-rabv. at <https:\/\/github.com\/kirstyn\/artic-rabv>. (2022)."},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"MADDOG: Method for Assignment, Definition and Designation of Global Lineages","author":"Campbell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campbell, K. MADDOG: Method for Assignment, Definition and Designation of Global Lineages. at <https:\/\/github.com\/KathrynCampbell\/MADDOG>. (2022)."},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"RABV-GLUE","volume-title":"Centre for Virus Research","author":"Campbell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Centre for Virus Research. RABV-GLUE. at <http:\/\/rabv-glue.cvr.gla.ac.uk\/#\/home>. (2023)."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0239403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239403","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disentangling primer interactions improves SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing by multiplex tiling PCR","volume":"15","author":"Itokawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Itokawa, K., Sekizuka, T., Hashino, M., Tanaka, R., Kuroda, M. Disentangling primer interactions improves SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing by multiplex tiling PCR. PLoS ONE. 15 (9), e0239403 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818619","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2022.818619","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ApE, A plasmid editor: A freely available DNA manipulation and visualization program","volume":"2","author":"Davis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davis, M. W., Jorgensen, E. M. ApE, A plasmid editor: A freely available DNA manipulation and visualization program. Frontiers in Bioinformatics. 2, 818619 (2022).","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref45","type":"book","volume-title":"openPrimeR: Multiplex PCR primer design and analysis","author":"D\u00f6ring","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u00f6ring, M., Pfeifer, N. openPrimeR: Multiplex PCR primer design and analysis. (2023)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.066","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multiplex PCR method for MiniON and Illumina sequencing of Zika and other virus genomes directly from clinical samples","volume":"12","author":"Quick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quick, J. et al. Multiplex PCR method for MinION and Illumina sequencing of Zika and other virus genomes directly from clinical samples. Nature Protocols. 12 (6), 1261-1276 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Laboratory Techniques in Rabies","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Laboratory Techniques in Rabies. Volume 1. at <https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/310836\/9789241515153-eng.pdf>. (2018)."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001388","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Partners for Rabies Prevention. The blueprint for rabies prevention and control: a novel operational toolkit for rabies elimination","volume":"6","author":"Lembo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lembo, T., Partners for Rabies Prevention. The blueprint for rabies prevention and control: a novel operational toolkit for rabies elimination. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (2), e1388 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Terrestrial Manual Online Access","volume-title":"World Organization for Animal Health","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health. Terrestrial Manual Online Access. at <https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-manual-online-access\/>. (2023)."},{"issue":"160","key":"ref50","first-page":"e60008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Field postmortem rabies rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test for resource-limited settings with further molecular applications","author":"Mauti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mauti, S. et al. Field postmortem rabies rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test for resource-limited settings with further molecular applications. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (160), 60008 (2020).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"146","key":"ref51","first-page":"e59416","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Enhanced rabies surveillance using a direct rapid immunohistochemical test","author":"Patrick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patrick, E. et al. Enhanced rabies surveillance using a direct rapid immunohistochemical test. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (146), 59416 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050812","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Lembo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lembo, T. et al. Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (2), 310-313 (2006).","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"149","key":"ref53","first-page":"e59709","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pan-lyssavirus real time RT-PCR for rabies diagnosis","author":"Marston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marston, D. A. et al. Pan-lyssavirus real time RT-PCR for rabies diagnosis. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (149), 59709 (2019).","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"DNA quantification using the Qubit fluorometer","author":"Brunker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brunker, K. DNA quantification using the Qubit fluorometer. at <https:\/\/www.protocols.io\/view\/dna-quantification-using-the-qubit-fluorometer-bc6vize6>. (2020)."},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"DNA quantification using the Quantus fluorometer","author":"Quick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quick, J. DNA quantification using the Quantus fluorometer. <https:\/\/www.protocols.io\/view\/dna-quantification-using-the-quantus-fluorometer-7pzhmp6>. (2020)."},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Guppy protocol","volume-title":"Nanopore Community","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guppy protocol. Nanopore Community. at <https:\/\/community.nanoporetech.com\/protocols\/Guppy-protocol\/v\/gpb_2003_v1_revaq_14dec2018>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Flow Cell Wash Kit (EXP-WSH004)","volume-title":"Nanopore Community","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flow Cell Wash Kit (EXP-WSH004). Nanopore Community. at <https:\/\/community.nanoporetech.com\/protocols\/flow-cell-wash-kit-exp-wsh004\/v\/wfc_9120_v1_revh_08dec2020>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Core Pipeline - arctic pipeline","year":"2023","unstructured":"Core Pipeline - artic pipeline. at <https:\/\/artic.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/minion\/>. (2023)."},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Samtools","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samtools. at <http:\/\/www.htslib.org\/>. (2023)."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Making genomic surveillance deliver: A lineage classification and nomenclature system to inform rabies elimination","volume":"18","author":"Campbell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campbell, K. et al. Making genomic surveillance deliver: A lineage classification and nomenclature system to inform rabies elimination. PLoS Pathogens. 18 (5), e1010023 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15518.2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid in-country sequencing of whole virus genomes to inform rabies elimination programmes","volume":"5","author":"Brunker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brunker, K. et al. Rapid in-country sequencing of whole virus genomes to inform rabies elimination programmes. Wellcome Open Research. 5, 3 (2020).","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20075-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analytical validity of nanopore sequencing for rapid SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis","volume":"11","author":"Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull, R. A. et al. Analytical validity of nanopore sequencing for rapid SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis. Nature Communications. 11 (1), 6272 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00598-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The importance of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases in low-resource settings","volume":"19","author":"Okeke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okeke, I. N., Ihekweazu, C. The importance of molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases in low-resource settings. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 19 (9), 547-548 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30939-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Genomic-informed pathogen surveillance in Africa: opportunities and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Inzaule","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inzaule, S. C., Tessema, S. K., Kebede, Y., Ouma, A. E. O., Nkengasong, J. N. Genomic-informed pathogen surveillance in Africa: opportunities and challenges. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 21 (9), e281-e289 (2021).","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref65","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integrating contact tracing and whole-genome sequencing to track the elimination of dog-mediated rabies: an observational and genomic study","author":"Kennedy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kennedy, L. et al. Integrating contact tracing and whole-genome sequencing to track the elimination of dog-mediated rabies: an observational and genomic study. eLife. 12:e85262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.85262. (2023).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00530-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnosis of pathogens causing bacterial meningitis using Nanopore sequencing in a resource-limited setting","volume":"21","author":"Pallerla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pallerla, S. R. et al. Diagnosis of pathogens causing bacterial meningitis using Nanopore sequencing in a resource-limited setting. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 21 (1), 39 (2022).","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"},{"issue":"7589","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16996","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance","volume":"530","author":"Quick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quick, J. et al. Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance. Nature. 530 (7589), 228-232 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/65414\/whole-genome-sequencing-for-rapid-characterization-rabies-virus-using","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:50:23Z","timestamp":1792605023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/65414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"198","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/65414","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]}}}