{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:38:48Z","timestamp":1792600728864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"215","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/66901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:02:01Z","timestamp":1738368121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gonzalez Fiol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. N. U.","family":"Pawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymen","family":"Alian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2022.103590","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidural catheter replacement rates with dural puncture epidural labor analgesia compared with epidural analgesia without dural puncture: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Berger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berger, A. A., Jordan, J., Li, Y., Kowalczyk, J. J., Hess, P. E. Epidural catheter replacement rates with dural puncture epidural labor analgesia compared with epidural analgesia without dural puncture: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 52, 103590 (2022).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002629","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adverse events and factors associated with potentially avoidable use of general anesthesia in cesarean deliveries","volume":"130","author":"Guglielminotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guglielminotti, J., Landau, R., Li, G. Adverse events and factors associated with potentially avoidable use of general anesthesia in cesarean deliveries. Anesthesiology. 130, 912-922 (2020).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004663","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exposure to general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and odds of severe postpartum depression requiring hospitalization","volume":"131","author":"Guglielminotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guglielminotti, J., Li, G. Exposure to general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and odds of severe postpartum depression requiring hospitalization. Anesth Analg. 131 (5), 1421-1429 (2020).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001222","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural technique for labor analgesia does not delay recognition of epidural catheter failures: A single-center retrospective cohort survival analysis","volume":"125","author":"Booth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Booth, J. M. et al. Combined spinal-epidural technique for labor analgesia does not delay recognition of epidural catheter failures: A single-center retrospective cohort survival analysis. Anesthesiology. 125 (3), 516-524 (2016).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"C","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2016.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Catheter failure rates and time course with epidural versus combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labor","volume":"26","author":"Groden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Groden, J., Gonzalez-Fiol, A., Aaronson, J., Sachs, A., Smiley, R. Catheter failure rates and time course with epidural versus combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labor. Int J Obstet Anesth. 26 (C), 4-7 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2010.04.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound decreases the failed labor epidural rate in resident trainees","volume":"19","author":"Vallejo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vallejo, M. C., Phelps, A. L., Singh, S., Orebaugh, S. L., Sah, N. Ultrasound decreases the failed labor epidural rate in resident trainees. Int J Obstet Anesth. 19 (4), 373-378 (2010).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e071253","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071253","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided and traditional localization in intraspinal anesthesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Peng, M., Wei, J., Huang, J., Ma, W., Li, Y. Comparison of ultrasound-guided and traditional localization in intraspinal anesthesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 13 (11), e071253 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15255","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conventional landmark palpation vs. preprocedural ultrasound for neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics - a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analyses","volume":"76","author":"Young","year":"2021","unstructured":"Young, B., Onwochei, D., Desai, N. Conventional landmark palpation vs. preprocedural ultrasound for neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics - a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analyses. Anaesthesia. 76 (6), 818-831 (2021).","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000184","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lumbar neuraxial ultrasound for spinal and epidural anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Perlas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perlas, A., Chaparro, L. E., Chin, K. J. Lumbar neuraxial ultrasound for spinal and epidural anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 41 (2), 251-260 (2016).","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f1720","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1720","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterizations: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Shaikh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaikh, F. et al. Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterizations: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 346, f1720 (2013).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided neuraxial puncture: A systematic review, network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carvalho, C. C. de et al. Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided neuraxial puncture: A systematic review, network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. Reg Anesth Pain Med. (2024).","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.09.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of ultrasound guidance or conventional anatomical landmarks for neuraxial puncture in adult patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Kamimura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamimura, Y. et al. Comparative efficacy of ultrasound guidance or conventional anatomical landmarks for neuraxial puncture in adult patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 132 (5), 1097-1111 (2024).","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg096","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Could ultrasonography be used by an anesthetist to identify a specified lumbar interspace before spinal anesthesia","volume":"90","author":"Watson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watson, M. J. Could ultrasonography be used by an anesthetist to identify a specified lumbar interspace before spinal anesthesia? Br J Anaesth. 90 (4), 509-511 (2003).","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.2403_4.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An evaluation of ultrasound imaging for identification of lumbar intervertebral level","volume":"57","author":"Furness","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furness, G., Reilly, M. P., Kuchi, S. An evaluation of ultrasound imaging for identification of lumbar intervertebral level. Anaesthesia. 57 (3), 277-280 (2002).","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31821a8ad4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging facilitates spinal anesthesia in adults with difficult surface anatomic landmarks","volume":"115","author":"Chin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chin, K.J. et al. Ultrasound imaging facilitates spinal anesthesia in adults with difficult surface anatomic landmarks. Anesthesiology. 115 (1), 94-101 (2011).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003795","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted technology versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in obese parturients","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Ultrasound-assisted technology versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in obese parturients. Anesth Analg. 129 (1), 155-161 (2018).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001627","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preprocedure ultrasonography before initiating a neuraxial anesthetic procedure","volume":"124","author":"Arzola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arzola, C. Preprocedure ultrasonography before initiating a neuraxial anesthetic procedure. Anesth Analg. 124 (3), 712-713 (2017).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2010.10.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lumbar ultrasound: Useful gadget or time-consuming gimmick","volume":"20","author":"Gambling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gambling, D. R. Lumbar ultrasound: Useful gadget or time-consuming gimmick? Int J Obstet Anesth. 20 (4), 318-320 (2011).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-020-00167-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Barriers to learning and using point-of-care ultrasound: a survey of practicing internists in six North American institutions","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, J. et al. Barriers to learning and using point-of-care ultrasound: a survey of practicing internists in six North American institutions. Ultrasound J. 12 (1), 19 (2020).","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4040-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identifying barriers to the use of ultrasound in the perioperative period: A survey of southwestern Ontario anesthesiologists","volume":"19","author":"Chui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chui, J. et al. Identifying barriers to the use of ultrasound in the perioperative period: A survey of southwestern Ontario anesthesiologists. BMC Health Serv Res. 19 (1), 214 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-009-9219-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anesthesiologists' learning curves for ultrasound assessment of the lumbar spine","volume":"57","author":"Margarido","year":"2010","unstructured":"Margarido, C.B., Arzola, C., Balki, M., Carvalho, J.C.A. Anesthesiologists' learning curves for ultrasound assessment of the lumbar spine. Can J Anesth. 57 (2), 120-126 (2010).","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198006000-00013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasonic localization of the lumbar epidural space","volume":"52","author":"Corr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Corr, R. C., Kryc, J. J., Vaughan, R. W. Ultrasonic localization of the lumbar epidural space. Anesthesiology. 52 (6), 513-515 (1980).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.07.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound in obstetric anesthesia","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, A. Ultrasound in obstetric anesthesia. Semin Perinatol. 38 (6), 349-358 (2014).","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2021.103229","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A randomized trial to investigate needle redirections\/re-insertions using a handheld ultrasound device versus traditional palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery","volume":"49","author":"Weiniger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiniger, C. F. et al. A randomized trial to investigate needle redirections\/re-insertions using a handheld ultrasound device versus traditional palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth. 49, 103229 (2021).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.01.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The comparative accuracy of a handheld and console ultrasound device for neuraxial depth and landmark assessment","volume":"39","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvalho, B., Seligman, K. M., Weiniger, C. F. The comparative accuracy of a handheld and console ultrasound device for neuraxial depth and landmark assessment. Int J Obstet Anesth. 39, 68-73 (2019).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.24908\/pocus.v7i1.15052","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound image quality comparison between a handheld ultrasound transducer and mid-range ultrasound machine","volume":"7","author":"Salimi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salimi, N., Aymen, A. Ultrasound image quality comparison between a handheld ultrasound transducer and mid-range ultrasound machine. POCUSJ. 7 (1), 154-159 (2022).","journal-title":"POCUSJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-013-1726-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of preinsertion ultrasound guidance for spinal anesthesia in pregnancy: Outcomes among obese and lean parturients","volume":"28","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahin, T., Balaban, O., Sahin, L., Solak, M., Toker, K. A randomized controlled trial of preinsertion ultrasound guidance for spinal anesthesia in pregnancy: Outcomes among obese and lean parturients. J Anesth. 28 (3), 413-419 (2014).","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004600","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted versus landmark-guided spinal anesthesia in patients with abnormal spinal anatomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"130","author":"Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, S.-K. et al. Ultrasound-assisted versus landmark-guided spinal anesthesia in patients with abnormal spinal anatomy: A randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 130 (3), 787-795 (2020).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.24908\/pocus.v8i2.16298","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A prospective cohort study to evaluate needle passes using a portable ultrasound device versus traditional landmark approach for epidural anesthesia in a busy obstetric tertiary care center","volume":"8","author":"Fiol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fiol, A. G et al. A prospective cohort study to evaluate needle passes using a portable ultrasound device versus traditional landmark approach for epidural anesthesia in a busy obstetric tertiary care center. POCUS J. 8 (2), 153-158 (2023).","journal-title":"POCUS J"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000250912.66057.41","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound using the transverse approach to the lumbar spine provides reliable landmarks for labor epidurals","volume":"104","author":"Arzola","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arzola, C., Davies, S., Rofaeel, A., Carvalho, J. C. A. Ultrasound using the transverse approach to the lumbar spine provides reliable landmarks for labor epidurals. Anesth Analg. 104 (5), 1188-1192 (2007).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2007.11.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound-facilitated epidurals and spinals in obstetrics","volume":"26","author":"Carvalho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carvalho, J. C. A. Ultrasound-facilitated epidurals and spinals in obstetrics. Anesthesiol Clin. 26 (1), 145-158 (2008).","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2023.04.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal sonography and central neuraxial blocks","volume":"37","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sivakumar, R. K., Karmakar, M. K. Spinal sonography and central neuraxial blocks. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 37 (2), 209-242 (2023).","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09348.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Depth of extradural space and dural puncture","volume":"46","author":"Sutton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sutton, D. N., Linter, S. P. K. Depth of extradural space and dural puncture. Anaesthesia. 46 (2), 97-98 (1991).","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2020.12.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of three sitting positions for combined spinal - epidural anesthesia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"\u00d6zhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6zhan, M. \u00d6., \u00c7aparlar, C. \u00d6., S\u00fczer, M. A., Eskin, M. B., Atik, B. Comparison of three sitting positions for combined spinal - epidural anesthesia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Braz J Anesthesiol. (English Edition). 71 (2), 129-136 (2021).","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol. (English Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2014.03.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia in obstetrics: Is there an advantage over the landmark technique in patients with easily palpable spines","volume":"23","author":"Ansari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ansari, T., Yousef, A., Gamassy, A. E., Fayez, M. Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia in obstetrics: Is there an advantage over the landmark technique in patients with easily palpable spines? Int J Obstet Anesth. 23 (3), 213-216 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001325","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Does preprocedural ultrasound increase the first-pass success rate of epidural catheterization before cesarean delivery&quest; a randomized controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Tawfik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tawfik, M. M., Atallah, M. M., Elkharboutly, W. S., Allakkany, N. S., Abdelkhalek, M. Does preprocedural ultrasound increase the first-pass success rate of epidural catheterization before cesarean delivery&quest; a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 124 (3), 851-856 (2017).","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6148.1000878","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Feasibility of spinal anesthesia placement using automated interpretation of lumbar ultrasound images: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Singla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singla, P. et al. Feasibility of spinal anesthesia placement using automated interpretation of lumbar ultrasound images: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Anesthe Clin Res. 10 (2), 878 (2019).","journal-title":"J Anesthe Clin Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.11.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inadvertent neuraxial block placement at or above the L1-L2 interspace in the super-obese parturient: A retrospective study","volume":"42","author":"Arnolds","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnolds, D., Hofer, J., Scavone, B. Inadvertent neuraxial block placement at or above the L1-L2 interspace in the super-obese parturient: A retrospective study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 42, 20-25 (2019).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2016.07.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasound to identify the lumbar space in women with impalpable bony landmarks presenting for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: A randomised trial","volume":"28","author":"Creaney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Creaney, M., Mullane, D., Casby, C., Tan, T. Ultrasound to identify the lumbar space in women with impalpable bony landmarks presenting for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: A randomised trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 28, 12-16 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000119","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Spinal ultrasound versus palpation for epidural catheter insertion in labor","volume":"32","author":"Arzola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arzola, C., Mikhael, R., Margarido, C., Carvalho, J. C. A. Spinal ultrasound versus palpation for epidural catheter insertion in labor. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 32 (7), 499-505 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/66901\/spinal-sonography-for-ultrasound-guided-lumbar-neuraxial-anesthesia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:43:39Z","timestamp":1792597419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/66901\/spinal-sonography-for-ultrasound-guided-lumbar-neuraxial-anesthesia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"215","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/66901","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}