{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:56:31Z","timestamp":1792598191520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"218","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/67531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T19:03:49Z","timestamp":1745003029000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Howell-Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriy S.","family":"Bronshteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliaksei","family":"Pustavoitau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Convissar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibras","family":"Bughrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000369","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Logistics of perioperative diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound: Nomenclature, scope of practice, training, credentialing\/privileging, and billing","volume":"60","author":"Bronshteyn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bronshteyn, Y. S., Blitz, J., Hashmi, N., Krishnan, S. Logistics of perioperative diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound: Nomenclature, scope of practice, training, credentialing\/privileging, and billing. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 60 (3), 1-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1916062","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography","volume":"385","author":"Diaz-Gomez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diaz-Gomez, J. L., Mayo, P. H., Koenig, S. J. Point-of-care ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 385 (17), 1593-1602 (2021).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac point-of-care ultrasound nomenclature","volume":"11","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick, J. N. et al. Recommendations for cardiac point-of-care ultrasound nomenclature. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 11, S0894-7317(24)00222-0 (2024).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.11.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"American society of echocardiography recommendations for quality echocardiography laboratory operations","volume":"24","author":"Picard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Picard, M. H. et al. American society of echocardiography recommendations for quality echocardiography laboratory operations. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 24 (1), 1-10 (2011).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2019.11.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Perioperative management of patients with sepsis and septic shock, part ii: Ultrasound support for resuscitation","volume":"38","author":"Bughrara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bughrara, N., Diaz-Gomez, J. L., Pustavoitau, A. Perioperative management of patients with sepsis and septic shock, part ii: Ultrasound support for resuscitation. Anesthesiol Clin. 38 (1), 123-134 (2020).","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.12.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An echocardiographic approach for the management of shock: The subcostal to apical, respiratory to parasternal-cardiac to respiratory, aortic to stomach protocol","volume":"45","author":"Nikravan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nikravan, S. et al. An echocardiographic approach for the management of shock: The subcostal to apical, respiratory to parasternal-cardiac to respiratory, aortic to stomach protocol. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 45 (1), 74-83 (2024).","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","first-page":"296","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Focused ultrasonography for septic shock resuscitation","volume":"26","author":"Nikravan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikravan, S., Song, P., Bughrara, N., Diaz-Gomez, J. L. Focused ultrasonography for septic shock resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 26 (3), 296-302 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"S","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S710","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0001004072.77443.41","type":"journal-article","article-title":"1479: Rapid ultrasound evaluation of patients with sepsis-associated hypotension using pattern recognition","volume":"52","author":"Bughrara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bughrara, N. et al. 1479: Rapid ultrasound evaluation of patients with sepsis-associated hypotension using pattern recognition. Crit Care Med. 52 (S), S710 (2024).","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00786-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement site of inferior vena cava diameter affects the accuracy with which fluid responsiveness can be predicted in spontaneously breathing patients: A post hoc analysis of two prospective cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Caplan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caplan, M. et al. Measurement site of inferior vena cava diameter affects the accuracy with which fluid responsiveness can be predicted in spontaneously breathing patients: A post hoc analysis of two prospective cohorts. Ann Intensive Care. 10 (1), 168 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-7-42","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Respiratory maneuvers in echocardiography: A review of clinical applications","volume":"7","author":"Ginghina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ginghina, C., Beladan, C. C., Iancu, M., Calin, A., Popescu, B. A. Respiratory maneuvers in echocardiography: A review of clinical applications. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 7, 42 (2009).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.02.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inferior vena cava diameter measurement provides distinct and complementary information to right atrial pressure in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Griffin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Griffin, M. et al. Inferior vena cava diameter measurement provides distinct and complementary information to right atrial pressure in acute decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 28 (7), 1217-1221 (2022).","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000801","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International, C. Does respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter predict fluid responsiveness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long, E., Oakley, E., Duke, T., Babl, F. E., Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International, C. Does respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter predict fluid responsiveness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Shock. 47 (5), 550-559 (2017).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066617752308","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasonographic measurements of inferior vena cava to determine fluid responsiveness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Orso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orso, D. et al. Accuracy of ultrasonographic measurements of inferior vena cava to determine fluid responsiveness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 35 (4), 354-363 (2020).","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002090","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the inferior vena cava collapsibility to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with sepsis and acute circulatory failure","volume":"45","author":"Preau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Preau, S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the inferior vena cava collapsibility to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with sepsis and acute circulatory failure. Crit Care Med. 45 (3), e290-e297 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001238","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The value of the inferior vena cava area distensibility index and its diameter ratio for predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"52","author":"Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao, B., Liu, J. Y., Sun, Y. B., Zhao, Y. X., Li, L. D. The value of the inferior vena cava area distensibility index and its diameter ratio for predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients. Shock. 52 (1), 37-42 (2019).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0844OC","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiographic indices used to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients","volume":"195","author":"Vignon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vignon, P. et al. Comparison of echocardiographic indices used to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 195 (8), 1022-1032 (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05596-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cardiovascular clusters in septic shock combining clinical and echocardiographic parameters: A post hoc analysis","volume":"45","author":"Geri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geri, G. et al. Cardiovascular clusters in septic shock combining clinical and echocardiographic parameters: A post hoc analysis. Intensive Care Med. 45 (5), 657-667 (2019).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","first-page":"e1038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is 1 day of focused training in echocardiographic assessment using subxiphoid-only (easy) examination enough? A tertiary hospital response to the COVID-19 crisis and the use of the easy examination to support unit-wide image acquisition","volume":"6","author":"Bughrara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bughrara, N. F. et al. Is 1 day of focused training in echocardiographic assessment using subxiphoid-only (easy) examination enough? A tertiary hospital response to the COVID-19 crisis and the use of the easy examination to support unit-wide image acquisition. Crit Care Explor. 6 (3), e1038 (2024).","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans, L. et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 47 (11), 1181-1247 (2021).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5218-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The relationship between ICU hypotension and in-hospital mortality and morbidity in septic patients","volume":"44","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maheshwari, K. et al. The relationship between ICU hypotension and in-hospital mortality and morbidity in septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 44 (6), 857-867 (2018).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4702","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mean arterial pressure goal in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Sarkar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Singh, S., Rout, A. Mean arterial pressure goal in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med Res. 14 (5), 196-201 (2022).","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.05.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Definition and incidence of hypotension in intensive care unit patients, an international survey of the European society of intensive care medicine","volume":"65","author":"Schenk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schenk, J. et al. Definition and incidence of hypotension in intensive care unit patients, an international survey of the European society of intensive care medicine. J Crit Care. 65, 142-148 (2021).","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312173","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Asfar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asfar, P. et al. High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 370 (17), 1583-1593 (2014).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination in adults: Recommendations from the American society of echocardiography","volume":"32","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchell, C. et al. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination in adults: Recommendations from the American society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 32 (1), 1-64 (2019).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"193","key":"ref25","first-page":"e64722","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Point-of-care lung ultrasound in adults: Image acquisition","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira, R. O. L. et al. Point-of-care lung ultrasound in adults: Image acquisition. J Vis Exp. (193), e64722 (2023).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000811880.28079.2c","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preintubation echocardiographic assessment using subcostal-only view (easy) exam: A case series","volume":"50","author":"Bughrara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bughrara, N., Quaranta, N., Pustavoitau, A., Shah, Q. Preintubation echocardiographic assessment using subcostal-only view (easy) exam: A case series. Crit Care Med. 50 (1), 696-696 (2022).","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2007.05.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Basic ultrasound beam formation and instrumentation","volume":"22","author":"Fischetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fischetti, A. J. Scott, R. C. Basic ultrasound beam formation and instrumentation. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 22 (3), 90-92 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inferior vena cava ultrasonography for volume status evaluation: An intriguing promise never fulfilled","volume":"12","author":"Di Nicolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Nicolo, P., Tavazzi, G., Nannoni, L., Corradi, F. Inferior vena cava ultrasonography for volume status evaluation: An intriguing promise never fulfilled. J Clin Med. 12 (6), 2217 (2023).","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the american society of echocardiography and the european association of cardiovascular imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang, R. M. et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the american society of echocardiography and the european association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 28 (1), 1-39.e14 (2015).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2233-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter as a guide to fluid therapy","volume":"30","author":"Feissel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Feissel, M., Michard, F., Faller, J. P., Teboul, J. L. The respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter as a guide to fluid therapy. Intensive Care Med. 30 (9), 1834-1837 (2004).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001847","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Guidelines for the appropriate use of bedside general and cardiac ultrasonography in the evaluation of critically ill patients-part ii: Cardiac ultrasonography","volume":"44","author":"Levitov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levitov, A. et al. Guidelines for the appropriate use of bedside general and cardiac ultrasonography in the evaluation of critically ill patients-part ii: Cardiac ultrasonography. Crit Care Med. 44 (6), 1206-1227 (2016).","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.11.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inferior vena cava diameter correlates with invasive hemodynamic measures in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients with sepsis","volume":"38","author":"Schefold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schefold, J. C. et al. Inferior vena cava diameter correlates with invasive hemodynamic measures in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients with sepsis. J Emerg Med. 38 (5), 632-637 (2010).","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.06.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"American society of echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: Endorsed by the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance and society of cardiovascular computed tomography","volume":"26","author":"Klein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klein, A. L. et al. American society of echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: Endorsed by the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance and society of cardiovascular computed tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 26 (9), 965-1012.e15 (2013).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"86","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2021.0036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Signs and lines in lung ultrasound","volume":"21","author":"Bhoil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhoil, R., Ahluwalia, A., Chopra, R., Surya, M., Bhoil, S. Signs and lines in lung ultrasound. J Ultrason. 21 (86), e225-e233 (2021).","journal-title":"J Ultrason"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.062","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pneumonia: Hiding in plain (film) sight","volume":"34","author":"Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox, W. C., Krishnamoorthy, V., Hashmi, N., Bronshteyn, Y. S. Pneumonia: Hiding in plain (film) sight. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 34 (11), 3154-3157 (2020).","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Master the Machines","year":"2024","unstructured":"Master the Machines. masterthemachines.com (2024).","type":"book"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_88_18","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Focus-assessed transthoracic echocardiography: Implications in perioperative and intensive care","volume":"22","author":"Nagre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagre, A. S. Focus-assessed transthoracic echocardiography: Implications in perioperative and intensive care. Ann Card Anaesth. 22 (3), 302-308 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017160107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (fast) in 2017: What radiologists can learn","volume":"283","author":"Richards","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richards, J. R. Mcgahan, J. P. Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (fast) in 2017: What radiologists can learn. Radiology. 283 (1), 30-48 (2017).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-022-02225-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The value of subcostal echocardiographic assessment, and directions for future research","volume":"69","author":"Sanfilippo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanfilippo, F., La Via, L., Flower, L., Madhivathanan, P., Astuto, M. The value of subcostal echocardiographic assessment, and directions for future research. Can J Anaesth. 69 (5), 676-677 (2022).","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02152-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of qualitative information obtained with the echocardiographic assessment using subcostal-only view and focused transthoracic echocardiography examinations: A prospective observational study","volume":"69","author":"Bughrara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bughrara, N. et al. Comparison of qualitative information obtained with the echocardiographic assessment using subcostal-only view and focused transthoracic echocardiography examinations: A prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth. 69 (2), 196-204 (2022).","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/67531\/echocardiographic-assessment-using-subxiphoid-only-examination-for","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:29:31Z","timestamp":1792596571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/67531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"218","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/67531","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]}}}