{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:44:39Z","timestamp":1792593879553,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"224","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/69047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:01:43Z","timestamp":1759532503000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ironing Therapy Combined with Acupoint Application for Treating Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated with Functional Constipation"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingmin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuantao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"10","author":"Adeloye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeloye, D. et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 10 (5), 447-458 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19701-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Bowerman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowerman, K. L. et al. Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat Commun. 11 (1), 5886 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","first-page":"201","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prediction of the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China in 2030 and simulation of the effects of risk factor control","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, R. T. et al. Prediction of the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China in 2030 and simulation of the effects of risk factor control. Chin J Epidemiol. 43 (2), 201-206 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e040560","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040560","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Factors associated with inpatient length of stay among hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, China, 2016-2017: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong, F. et al. Factors associated with inpatient length of stay among hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, China, 2016-2017: a retrospective study. BMJ Open. 11 (2), e040560 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barberio, B., Judge, C., Savarino, E. V., Ford, A. C. Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6 (8), 638-648 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10631","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010631","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chronic constipation: a review of literature","volume":"97","author":"Forootan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forootan, M., Bagheri, N., Darvishi, M. Chronic constipation: a review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 97 (20), e10631 (2018).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256833","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1256833","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Common gastrointestinal diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen, Z., Qiu, B., Chen, L., Zhang, Y. Common gastrointestinal diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Genet. 14, 1256833 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2346598","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050","volume":"6","author":"Boers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boers, E. et al. Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050. JAMA Netw Open. 6 (12), e2346598 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9278441","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9278441","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gut-lung microbiota in chronic pulmonary diseases: evolution, pathogenesis, and therapeutics","volume":"2021","author":"Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, C. Y., Yu, C. H., Yu, W. Y., Ying, H. Z. Gut-lung microbiota in chronic pulmonary diseases: evolution, pathogenesis, and therapeutics. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2021, 9278441 (2021).","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202526","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of visceral obesity on chronic constipation, inflammation, immune function, and cognitive function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan, Y. et al. Effects of visceral obesity on chronic constipation, inflammation, immune function, and cognitive function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aging (Albany NY). 13 (5), 6702 (2021).","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Constipation in old age","volume":"23","author":"Gallagher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gallagher, P., O'Mahony, D. Constipation in old age. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 23 (6), 875-887 (2009).","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD","volume":"33","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barnes, P. J., Celli, B. R. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 33 (5), 1165-1185 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","first-page":"1127","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of acupoint sticking combined with traditional Chinese medicine Reyanbao on constipation and intestinal flora in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"34","author":"Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, D. M., Tang, Y. X., Jiao, L. Effect of acupoint sticking combined with traditional Chinese medicine Reyanbao on constipation and intestinal flora in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin J Trad Chin Med Clin Pharmacol. 34 (6), 1127-1132 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin J Trad Chin Med Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.12.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional status at discharge and 30-day readmission risk in COPD","volume":"109","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen, et al. Functional status at discharge and 30-day readmission risk in COPD. Respir Med. 109 (2), 238-246 (2015).","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref15","first-page":"1979","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of Zhoufei Dingchuan Ointment combined with conventional Western medicine on pulmonary function of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of lung-kidney deficiency pattern","volume":"62","author":"Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Effect of Zhoufei Dingchuan Ointment combined with conventional Western medicine on pulmonary function of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of lung-kidney deficiency pattern. J Trad Chin Med. 62 (22), 1979-1983 (2021).","journal-title":"J Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","first-page":"33","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Discussion about the clinical application of lung-ventilating and purgative decoction based on simultaneous treatment of the lung and large intestine","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, R. X., Xie, Z. L. Discussion about the clinical application of lung-ventilating and purgative decoction based on simultaneous treatment of the lung and large intestine. Henan J Trad Chin Med. 42 (1), 33-36 (2022).","journal-title":"Henan J Trad Chin Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106659","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hypoxemia severity and survival in ILD and COPD on long-term oxygen therapy: the population-based DISCOVERY study","volume":"189","author":"Palm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palm, A., Ekstr\u00f6m, M. Hypoxemia severity and survival in ILD and COPD on long-term oxygen therapy: the population-based DISCOVERY study. Respir Med. 189, 106659 (2021).","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref18","first-page":"9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An analysis of the syndrome differentiation and treatment thought and prescriptions in "Liyue Pianwen."","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu, S. Q. An analysis of the syndrome differentiation and treatment thought and prescriptions in \"Liyue Pianwen.\" Liaoning J Trad Chin Med. 37 (S1), 9-10 (2010).","journal-title":"Liaoning J Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","first-page":"167","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An analysis of the thought of treating internal diseases with external therapies in "Liyue Pianwen."","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Y. Y. An analysis of the thought of treating internal diseases with external therapies in \"Liyue Pianwen.\" J Changchun Univ Trad Chin Med. 26 (2), 167-168 (2010).","journal-title":"J Changchun Univ Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref20","first-page":"4199","type":"journal-article","article-title":"External application of fomentation package in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with constipation based on the theory of lung being connected with large intestine","volume":"38","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang, T. T., Chen, S. Y., Miao, Q., He, Y. External application of fomentation package in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with constipation based on the theory of lung being connected with large intestine. Guangming J Chin Med. 38 (21), 4199-4202 (2023).","journal-title":"Guangming J Chin Med"},{"issue":"39","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39863","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039863","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology: traditional Chinese medicine ironing combined with traditional Chinese medicine massage in improving functional constipation in elderly patients","volume":"103","author":"Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan, L., Qin, W., Liao, J., Liu, Y., Yan, L. Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology: traditional Chinese medicine ironing combined with traditional Chinese medicine massage in improving functional constipation in elderly patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 103 (39), e39863 (2024).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114731481","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2507","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupoint application combined with Western medicine therapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupoint application combined with Western medicine therapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Ann Palliat Med. 10 (11), 114731481-114711481 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001651","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A randomized trial to assess the immediate impact of acupuncture on quantitative sensory testing, pain, and functional status","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. A randomized trial to assess the immediate impact of acupuncture on quantitative sensory testing, pain, and functional status. Pain. 160 (11), 2456-2463 (2019).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v5.i2.77","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding and treating refractory constipation","volume":"5","author":"Bassotti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bassotti, G., Blandizzi, C. Understanding and treating refractory constipation. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 5 (2), 77-85 (2014).","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0556-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chronic constipation diagnosis and treatment evaluation: the "CHRO.CO.DI.TE" study","volume":"17","author":"Bellini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bellini, M. et al. Chronic constipation diagnosis and treatment evaluation: the \"CHRO.CO.DI.TE\" study. BMC Gastroenterol. 17, 1-11 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"919","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of chronic constipation in elderly patients","volume":"10","author":"Vazquez Roque","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vazquez Roque, M., Bouras, E. P. Epidemiology and management of chronic constipation in elderly patients. Clin Interv Aging. 10, 919-930 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","first-page":"321","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Constipation in elderly long-stay patients: its treatment by magnesium hydroxide and bulk-laxative","volume":"19","author":"Kinnunen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kinnunen, O., Salokannel, J. Constipation in elderly long-stay patients: its treatment by magnesium hydroxide and bulk-laxative. Ann Clin Res. 19 (5), 321-323 (1987).","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12956","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of lubiprostone after switching from stimulant laxatives in elderly patients with chronic constipation","volume":"7","author":"Maruyama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maruyama, M. et al. Effectiveness and safety of lubiprostone after switching from stimulant laxatives in elderly patients with chronic constipation. JGH Open. 7 (9), 610-617 (2023).","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","first-page":"145","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relationship between constipation and medication","volume":"41","author":"Ueki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ueki, T., Nakashima, M. Relationship between constipation and medication. J Univ Occup Environ Health. 41 (2), 145-151 (2019).","journal-title":"J Univ Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref30","first-page":"2129","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of Shenqi Bufei Tang on expressions of NF-kappaB, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in airway remodeling of COPD rat model with lung-Qi deficiency syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y. J., Lu, L. Effects of Shenqi Bufei Tang on expressions of NF-kappaB, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in airway remodeling of COPD rat model with lung-Qi deficiency syndrome. Chin J Chin Mater Med. 33 (18), 2129-2132 (2008).","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mater Med"},{"key":"ref31","type":"book","article-title":"Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD: 2025 report","volume-title":"GOLD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD: 2025 report. GOLD. .https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2025-gold-report\/ (2025)."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.51821\/87.3.12949","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of the prevalence of functional constipation and its related factors in older outpatients","volume":"87","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bozkurt, E. et al. Investigation of the prevalence of functional constipation and its related factors in older outpatients. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 87, 361-365 (2024).","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barberio, B., Judge, C., Savarino, E. V., Ford, A. C. Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the Rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6 (8), 638-648 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","first-page":"189","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of acupoint application on constipation","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, Y. H., Yin, L. L., Wang, S. X., Wang, L. H. Observation on the therapeutic effect of acupoint application on constipation. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 27 (3), 189-190 (2007).","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00079-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Airway mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations and the initiation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort","volume":"9","author":"Radicioni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radicioni, G. et al. Airway mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations and the initiation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Lancet Respir Med. 9 (11), 1241-1254 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S114181","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Telemonitoring of home exercise cycle training in patients with COPD","volume":"2016","author":"Franke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Franke, K. J. et al. Telemonitoring of home exercise cycle training in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016, 2821-2829 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"CD002990","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Self-management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"3","author":"Zwerink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zwerink, M. et al. Self-management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3, CD002990 (2014).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref38","first-page":"1166","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rule mining of acupoint and medication selection of acupoint application therapy for functional constipation","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, F. M. et al. Rule mining of acupoint and medication selection of acupoint application therapy for functional constipation. Chin Acupunct Moxibust. 41 (11), 1166-1170 (2021).","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"issue":"198","key":"ref39","first-page":"e64900","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Acupoint application combined with acupoint massage for treating constipation in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan, F., Lu, F., Guo, Y., Zhang, C. Acupoint application combined with acupoint massage for treating constipation in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Vis Exp. (198), e64900 (2023).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X06004260","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comparison between directional and proportional methods in locating acupuncture points using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Korean women","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park, H. J. et al. A comparison between directional and proportional methods in locating acupuncture points using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Korean women. Am J Chin Med. 34 (5), 749-757 (2006).","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2018.10.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accuracy and precision in acupuncture point location: a critical systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Godson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godson, D. R., Wardle, J. L. Accuracy and precision in acupuncture point location: a critical systematic review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 12 (2), 52-66 (2019).","journal-title":"J Acupunct Meridian Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref42","first-page":"36","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Observation on curative effect and adverse reactions of acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of senile constipation","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, H., Xu, B. G., Dai, L. J., Wang, S. L., Gu, J. L., Zhang, J. Y. Observation on curative effect and adverse reactions of acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of senile constipation. J External Ther Trad Chin Med. 31 (3), 36-38 (2022).","journal-title":"J External Ther Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref43","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of midnight-noon ebb-flow timing intradermal needling at Baliao acupoint on slow transit constipation with Qi stagnation syndrome and effects on brain-gut peptides","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, H., Ke, X., Li, C. P., Lin, L., Huang, Y., Chen, B. Z. Clinical efficacy of midnight-noon ebb-flow timing intradermal needling at Baliao acupoint on slow transit constipation with Qi stagnation syndrome and effects on brain-gut peptides. J Shanghai Univ Trad Chin Med. 34 (5) (2020).","journal-title":"J Shanghai Univ Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","first-page":"189","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint application in the treatment of constipation","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, Y. H., Yin, L. L., Wang, S. X., Wang, L. H. Observation on the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint application in the treatment of constipation. Chin Acupunct Moxibust. 27 (3), 189-190 (2007).","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref45","first-page":"567","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Study on the underlying autonomic nervous mechanism of electroacupuncture in improving colonic inflammation in mice with chronic ulcerative colitis","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, T. et al. Study on the underlying autonomic nervous mechanism of electroacupuncture in improving colonic inflammation in mice with chronic ulcerative colitis. Acupunct Res. 50 (5), 567-575 (2025).","journal-title":"Acupunct Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842674","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/842674","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Foeniculum vulgare Mill.: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology","volume":"2014","author":"Badgujar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Badgujar, S. B., Patel, V. V., Bandivdekar, A. H. Foeniculum vulgare Mill.: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed Res Int. 2014, 842674 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111479","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora","volume":"138","author":"Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao, C. C. et al. Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora. Biomed Pharmacother. 138, 111479 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113583","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1113583","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sinapis semen: a review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and pharmacokinetics","volume":"14","author":"Dang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dang, R., Guan, H., Wang, C. Sinapis semen: a review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and pharmacokinetics. Front Pharmacol. 14, 1113583 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162036","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1162036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of Codonopsis radix","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong, Z. Q. et al. A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of Codonopsis radix. Front Pharmacol. 14, 1162036 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13370","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13370","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cannabinoids and gastrointestinal motility: pharmacology, clinical effects, and potential therapeutics in humans","volume":"30","author":"Camilleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camilleri, M. Cannabinoids and gastrointestinal motility: pharmacology, clinical effects, and potential therapeutics in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 30 (9), e13370 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation","volume":"158","author":"Bharucha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bharucha, A. E., Lacy, B. E. Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 158 (5), 1232-1249 (2020).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12956","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of lubiprostone after switching from stimulant laxatives in elderly patients with chronic constipation","volume":"7","author":"Maruyama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maruyama, M. et al. Effectiveness and safety of lubiprostone after switching from stimulant laxatives in elderly patients with chronic constipation. JGH Open. 7 (9), 610-617 (2023).","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref53","first-page":"820","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical observation on functional constipation treated by Qidi Tongbian prescription","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Z. R. et al. Clinical observation on functional constipation treated by Qidi Tongbian prescription. Chin J Integr Med. 30 (12), 820-825 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref54","first-page":"111","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Research progress on application of acupoint application in digestive system diseases","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. X., Zhou, Z. H. Research progress on application of acupoint application in digestive system diseases. Inner Mongol J Trad Chin Med. 37 (8), 111-114 (2018).","journal-title":"Inner Mongol J Trad Chin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref55","first-page":"1166","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rule mining of acupoint and medication selection of acupoint application therapy for functional constipation","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, F. M. et al. Rule mining of acupoint and medication selection of acupoint application therapy for functional constipation. Chin Acupunct Moxibust. 41 (10), 1166-1170 (2021).","journal-title":"Chin Acupunct Moxibust"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/69047\/ironing-therapy-combined-with-acupoint-application-for-treating","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:26:09Z","timestamp":1792592769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/69047\/ironing-therapy-combined-with-acupoint-application-for-treating"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"224","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/69047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]}}}