{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:40:05Z","timestamp":1792593605200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"227","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/69131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:01:36Z","timestamp":1768608096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Refined Aerosol-Based Intratracheal Bleomycin Delivery Method for Reproducible and Minimally Invasive Mouse Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1011460","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Morgan, J. E., Barkman, H. W., Waring, N. P. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Semin Respir Med. 5 (3), 255-263 (1984).","journal-title":"Semin Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-016-0366-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the elderly: diagnosis and management considerations","volume":"33","author":"Jo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jo, H. E., Randhawa, S., Corte, T. J., Moodley, Y. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the elderly: diagnosis and management considerations. Drugs Aging. 33 (5), 321-334 (2016).","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70101-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11","volume":"2","author":"Raghu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raghu, G. et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001-11. Lancet Respir Med. 2 (7), 566-572 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00185114","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutchinson, J., Fogarty, A., Hubbard, R., McKeever, T. Global incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 46 (3), 795-806 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148.2014.979516","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced lung injury in animals and its applicability to human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Williamson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williamson, J D., Sadofsky, L. R., Hart, S. P. The pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced lung injury in animals and its applicability to human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Lung Res. 41 (2), 57-73 (2015).","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957332","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Horowitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Horowitz, J C., Thannickal, V. J. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in pulmonary fibrosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 27 (6), 600-612 (2006).","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2002.00220.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Time course of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis","volume":"83","author":"Izbicki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Izbicki, G., Segel, M J., Christensen, T. G., Conner, M. W., Breuer, R. Time course of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Int J Exp Pathol. 83 (3), 111-119 (2002).","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.08.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"40","author":"Moeller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moeller, A., Ask, K., Warburton, D., Gauldie, J., Kolb, M. The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 40 (3), 362-382 (2008).","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59348","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059348","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bleomycin induces molecular changes directly relevant to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a model for &#34;active&#34; disease","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng, R. et al. Bleomycin induces molecular changes directly relevant to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a model for \"active\" disease. PLoS One. 8 (4), e59348 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02349-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis model of mice induced by different administration methods of bleomycin","volume":"23","author":"Gul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gul, A. et al. Pulmonary fibrosis model of mice induced by different administration methods of bleomycin. BMC Pulm Med. 23 (1), 91 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00269","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bleomycin revisited: A direct comparison of the intratracheal micro-spraying and the oropharyngeal aspiration routes of bleomycin administration in mice","volume":"5","author":"Barbayianni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbayianni, I., Ninou, I., Tzouvelekis, A., Aidinis, V. Bleomycin revisited: A direct comparison of the intratracheal micro-spraying and the oropharyngeal aspiration routes of bleomycin administration in mice. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 5, 269 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"191","key":"ref12","first-page":"e64097","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by nasal bleomycin nebulization","author":"Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song, D. et al. A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by nasal bleomycin nebulization. J. Vis. Exp. 191, e64097 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","first-page":"221","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of two mouse models of lung fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation and intratracheal aerosol administration of bleomycin","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, W., Hu, Y., Yuan, W., Li, L., Huang, W. Comparison of two mouse models of lung fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation and intratracheal aerosol administration of bleomycin. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 32 (2), 221-225 (2012).","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","first-page":"1228","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Murine pulmonary fibrosis model induced by repeated low-dose intravenous injection and intratracheal instillation of bleomycin","volume":"38","author":"Meng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meng, J., Peng, Z., Tao, L. Murine pulmonary fibrosis model induced by repeated low-dose intravenous injection and intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 38 (12), 1228-1232 (2013).","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212300","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly calibrated relationship between bleomycin concentrations and facets of the active phase fibrosis in classical mouse bleomycin model","volume":"25","author":"Kadam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kadam, A H., Schnitzer, J. E. Highly calibrated relationship between bleomycin concentrations and facets of the active phase fibrosis in classical mouse bleomycin model. Int J Mol Sci. 25 (22) (2024).","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"146","key":"ref16","first-page":"e58922","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Induction of mouse lung injury by endotracheal injection of bleomycin","author":"Orlando","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orlando, F. et al. Induction of mouse lung injury by endotracheal injection of bleomycin. J Vis Exp. 146, e58922 (2019).","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67586-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Establishment of a stem cell administration imaging method in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse models","volume":"14","author":"Morita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morita, S. et al. Establishment of a stem cell administration imaging method in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse models. Sci Rep. 14 (1), 18905 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5845","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1126\/science.317.5845.1680","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ethics and refinement in animal research","volume":"317","author":"Olsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olsson, I A., Hansen, A. K., Sandoe, P. Ethics and refinement in animal research. Science. 317 (5845), 1680 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0096ST","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: use of animal models for the preclinical assessment of potential therapies for pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"56","author":"Jenkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jenkins, R. G. et al. An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: use of animal models for the preclinical assessment of potential therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 56 (5), 667-679 (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L442","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00026.2010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Repetitive intratracheal bleomycin models several features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Degryse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Degryse, A. L. et al. Repetitive intratracheal bleomycin models several features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 299 (4), L442-L452 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22461","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and resolution in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model revealed by spatial transcriptome analysis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and resolution in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model revealed by spatial transcriptome analysis. Heliyon. 9 (12), e22461 (2023).","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/app.jove.com\/t\/69131\/a-refined-aerosol-based-intratracheal-bleomycin-delivery-method-for","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:52:39Z","timestamp":1792590759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/69131\/a-refined-aerosol-based-intratracheal-bleomycin-delivery-method-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"227","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/69131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]}}}