{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:49:44Z","timestamp":1792586984799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MyJove Corporation","issue":"232","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoVE"],"DOI":"10.3791\/70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:00:55Z","timestamp":1780441255000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["“Opening The Orifices And Alleviating Throat Obstruction” Four-step Acupuncture Method Combined with Motor Imagery Therapy for Post-Stroke Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.3791","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guifen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2098","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"ref1","first-page":"35","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors of dysphagia after ischemic stroke and the value of VFSS in evaluating swallowing function","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu DH, Yao S, Zhang MM. Incidence, risk factors of dysphagia after ischemic stroke and the value of VFSS in evaluating swallowing function. Zhongguo Quan Ke Yi Xue. 2023;26(S1):35-37.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Quan Ke Yi Xue"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","first-page":"182","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Living status of patients with post-stroke dysphagia and effects of different body positions on swallowing function","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu TY, et al. Living status of patients with post-stroke dysphagia and effects of different body positions on swallowing function. Kunming Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2024;45(8):182-187.","journal-title":"Kunming Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-023-10595-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effectiveness of conventional dysphagia therapy (CDT), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in acute post-stroke dysphagia: a comparative evaluation","volume":"39","author":"Bengisu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bengisu S, Demir N, Krespi Y. Effectiveness of conventional dysphagia therapy (CDT), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in acute post-stroke dysphagia: a comparative evaluation. Dysphagia. 2024;39(1):77-91.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","first-page":"71","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Value analysis of ultrasound quantitative assessment in patients with dysphagia after stroke","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li XD, Zhang Y, Liu SF, Wei HY, Chen YQ. Value analysis of ultrasound quantitative assessment in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Zhongguo Yi Xue Zhuang Bei. 2024;21(7):71-75.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Zhuang Bei"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.052","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adjunctive functional pharyngeal electrical stimulation reverses swallowing disability after brain lesions","volume":"138","author":"Jayasekeran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jayasekeran V, et al. Adjunctive functional pharyngeal electrical stimulation reverses swallowing disability after brain lesions. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1737-1746.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","first-page":"28","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of acupoint massage combined with motor imagery on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with dysphagia after ischemic stroke","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang YL, Li JW, Bai JR, Yu MH, Zuo GC. Effects of acupoint massage combined with motor imagery on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with dysphagia after ischemic stroke. Shi Yong Yi Yuan Lin Chuang Za Zhi. 2023;20(2):28-33.","journal-title":"Shi Yong Yi Yuan Lin Chuang Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.24.08471-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effect and mechanism of motor imagery based on action observation treatment on dysphagia in Wallenberg syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, et al. The effect and mechanism of motor imagery based on action observation treatment on dysphagia in Wallenberg syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2024;60:938-948.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","first-page":"1424","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impacts of respiratory-swallowing coordination training combined with tongqiao liyan acupuncture on neurological function and neurotrophic factors in acute post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"33","author":"Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng SQ, Feng L, Geng ZZ, Wang Y, Liu JE. Impacts of respiratory-swallowing coordination training combined with tongqiao liyan acupuncture on neurological function and neurotrophic factors in acute post-stroke dysphagia. Zhongguo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng. 2024;33(8):1424-1428.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-023-00825-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu H, Deng X, Luan G, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Comparison of efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci. 2023;24:53.","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","first-page":"862","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electroacupuncture at \"Lianquan\" (CV23) improves post-stroke dysphagia via hypoglossal nucleus","volume":"50","author":"Di","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di WH, et al. Electroacupuncture at \u201cLianquan\u201d (CV23) improves post-stroke dysphagia via. hypoglossal nucleus. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2025;50(8):862-871.","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090000","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electroacupuncture promotes post-stroke functional recovery via enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in mouse focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim YR, et al. Electroacupuncture promotes post-stroke functional recovery via .enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in mouse focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e90000.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","first-page":"98","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Application of the four-step throat-opening acupuncture method for post-stroke dysphagia: a clinical study by Zhang Weihua","volume":"40","author":"Malipo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malipo M, Wang J, Cao X, Zhang W. Application of the four-step throat-opening acupuncture method for post-stroke dysphagia: a clinical study by Zhang Weihua. Zhen Jiu Lin Chuang Za Zhi. 2024;40(2):98-101.","journal-title":"Zhen Jiu Lin Chuang Za Zhi"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70826","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70826","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Efficacy of motor imagery in the treatment of poststroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Hu P, Hu Y. Efficacy of motor imagery in the treatment of poststroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav. 2025;15(9):e70826.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640471","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1640471","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The efficacy of acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu F, et al. The efficacy of acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Neurosci. 2025;19:1640471.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982881","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.982881","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploration on neurobiological mechanisms of the central-peripheral-central closed-loop rehabilitation","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia J. Exploration on neurobiological mechanisms of the central-peripheral-central closed-loop rehabilitation. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022;16:982881.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2021.1990467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimal timing and neural loci: a scoping review on the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on post-stroke gait and balance recovery","volume":"30","author":"Parikh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parikh V, Medley A, Chung YC, Goh HT. Optimal timing and neural loci: a scoping review on the effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on post-stroke gait and balance recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2023;30(1):84-100.","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16010014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Processing speed and attentional shift\/mental flexibility in patients with stroke: a comprehensive review on the trail making test in stroke studies","volume":"16","author":"Tsiakiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsiakiri A, et al. Processing speed and attentional shift\/mental flexibility in patients with stroke: a comprehensive review on the trail making test in stroke studies. Neurol Int. 2024;16(1):210-225.","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111035","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Acupuncture, an effective treatment for post-stroke neurologic dysfunction","volume":"215","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, et al. Acupuncture, an effective treatment for post-stroke neurologic dysfunction. Brain Res Bull. 2024;215:111035.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","first-page":"523","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"57","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Neurology. Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke. Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi. 2024;57(6):523-559.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9167-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Augmentation of deglutitive thyrohyoid muscle shortening by the Shaker exercise","volume":"24","author":"Mepani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mepani R, et al. Augmentation of deglutitive thyrohyoid muscle shortening by the Shaker exercise. Dysphagia. 2009;24(1):26-31.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10217-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of tongue-hold swallow on pharyngeal contractile properties in healthy individuals","volume":"36","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aoyagi Y, et al. Effect of tongue-hold swallow on pharyngeal contractile properties in healthy individuals. Dysphagia. 2021;36(5):936-943.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198704000-00014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Function in the pharyngoesophageal segment","volume":"97","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mendelsohn MS, McConnel FM. Function in the pharyngoesophageal segment. Laryngoscope. 1987;97(4):483-489.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","first-page":"611","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Post-stroke dysphagia treated with four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao X, et al. Post-stroke dysphagia treated with four-step acupuncture therapy for opening orifices and benefiting throat combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2023;43(6):611-614.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","first-page":"1504","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical observation of nape acupuncture combined with swallowing dysfunction therapeutic apparatus in the treatment of swallowing dysfunction after cerebral infarction","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao NN, Shang GG, Zhao X. Clinical observation of nape acupuncture combined with swallowing dysfunction therapeutic apparatus in the treatment of swallowing dysfunction after cerebral infarction. Guangzhou Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao. 2024;41(6):1504-1509.","journal-title":"Guangzhou Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref25","first-page":"660","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlation between pharyngeal reflex abnormalities and silent aspiration in patients with pharyngeal-phase dysphagia after stroke","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu TH, Sun J, Zhang Q, Gao PP. Correlation between pharyngeal reflex abnormalities and silent aspiration in patients with pharyngeal-phase dysphagia after stroke. Zhongguo Kang Fu. 2024;39(11):660-664.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Kang Fu"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","first-page":"127","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of global research on post-stroke dysphagia over the past decade","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao XR, et al. Bibliometric analysis of global research on post-stroke dysphagia over the past decade. Shi Yong Lin Chuang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023;27(3):127-133.","journal-title":"Shi Yong Lin Chuang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13512","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Swallowing muscle mass contributes to post-stroke dysphagia in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy","volume":"15","author":"Pinho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinho J, et al. Swallowing muscle mass contributes to post-stroke dysphagia in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024;15:1539-1548.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref28","first-page":"188","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Discussion and analysis on treatment method of stroke based on the theory of the spleen being the source of phlegm production, and the lung being the receptacle that holds phlegm","volume":"55","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao JJ, Chen H, Zhou J, Li SL, Chen HX. Discussion and analysis on treatment method of stroke based on the theory of the spleen being the source of phlegm production, and the lung being the receptacle that holds phlegm. Xin Zhong Yi. 2023;55(24):188-192.","journal-title":"Xin Zhong Yi"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref29","first-page":"1004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of bilateral high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Mendelsohn maneuver on post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song XD, et al. Effects of bilateral high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Mendelsohn maneuver on post-stroke dysphagia. Chin J Rehabil Med. 2024;39(7):1004-1008.","journal-title":"Chin J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","first-page":"304","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with intermittent tube feeding in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"38","author":"Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du NN, Wan YP. Clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with intermittent tube feeding in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia. Zhongguo Kang Fu. 2023;38(5):304-306.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Kang Fu"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","first-page":"31","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical study of tongue acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for oral-phase dysphagia after stroke (qi deficiency and blood stasis type)","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen ZX, et al. Clinical study of tongue acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for oral-phase dysphagia after stroke (qi deficiency and blood stasis type). Zhen Jiu Lin Chuang Za Zhi. 2023;39(5):31-36.","journal-title":"Zhen Jiu Lin Chuang Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visualized Experiments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/70119\/opening-orifices-alleviating-throat-obstruction-four-step-acupuncture","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:36:23Z","timestamp":1792586183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/t\/70119\/opening-orifices-alleviating-throat-obstruction-four-step-acupuncture"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/70119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-087X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-087X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]}}}