{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:49:49Z","timestamp":1783478989103,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Korean Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021093","name":"Korean Endocrine Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1C1C1010723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1C1C1010723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI21C0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI21C0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003693","name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2E31093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2E31093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-enm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Conventional diagnostic approaches for adrenal tumors require multi-step processes, including imaging studies and dynamic hormone tests. Therefore, this study aimed to discriminate adrenal tumors from a single blood sample based on the combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and machine learning algorithms in serum profiling of adrenal steroids.Methods: The LC-MS-based steroid profiling was applied to serum samples obtained from patients with nonfunctioning adenoma (NFA, n=73), Cushing\u2019s syndrome (CS, n=30), and primary aldosteronism (PA, n=40) in a prospective multicenter study of adrenal disease. The decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) were performed to categorize the subtypes of adrenal tumors.Results: The CS group showed higher serum levels of 11-deoxycortisol than the NFA group, and increased levels of tetrahydrocortisone (THE), 20\u03b1-dihydrocortisol, and 6\u03b2-hydroxycortisol were found in the PA group. However, the CS group showed lower levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate derivative (DHEA-S) than both the NFA and PA groups. Patients with PA expressed higher serum 18-hydroxycortisol and DHEA but lower THE than NFA patients. The balanced accuracies of DT, RF, and XGBoost for classifying each type were 78%, 96%, and 97%, respectively. In receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for CS, XGBoost, and RF showed a significantly greater diagnostic power than the DT. However, in ROC analysis for PA, only RF exhibited better diagnostic performance than DT.Conclusion: The combination of LC-MS-based steroid profiling with machine learning algorithms could be a promising one-step diagnostic approach for the classification of adrenal tumor subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2021.1149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T04:58:41Z","timestamp":1634878721000},"page":"1131-1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Metabolic Subtyping of Adrenal Tumors: Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3803","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-4989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eu Jeong","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0490-2437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaelin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeyoon","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumie","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Soo","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon Hee","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Wan","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon-Jib","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohk-Hyun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Chan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Ram","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-0234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1017-1156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Man Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2119","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-16-4-460"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2015.1076455"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmcp065470"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0467"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2017.32.2.200"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.253.171"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1565"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1992"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105615"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1505550"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.10.006"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31431-9"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16209"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz141"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa954"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105856"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Random forests","author":"Breiman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785","volume-title":"XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.282582"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02349"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"71","volume-title":"The physiologic significance of 6beta-hydroxycortisol in human corticoid metabolism","author":"Katz","year":"1962"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00365"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"480","volume-title":"","author":"Melmed","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0387-7"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02795.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.22.2048"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Associated hormonal declines in aging: DHEAS","author":"Perrini","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641968209061640"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-17-0563"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2384"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.251199"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147590"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.114.04453"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci0342472"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0337-2"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-enm.org\/upload\/pdf\/enm-2021-1149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-enm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3803\/EnM.2021.1149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-enm.org\/upload\/pdf\/enm-2021-1149.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:30:11Z","timestamp":1731655811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-enm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3803\/EnM.2021.1149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/enm.2021.1149","relation":{},"ISSN":["2093-596X","2093-5978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2093-596X","type":"print"},{"value":"2093-5978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}