{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:24:02Z","timestamp":1791329042304,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Korean Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M3E5D3073102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3E5D3073102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023R1A2C2003479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A2C2003479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003665","name":"National IT Industry Promotion Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S0252-21-1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S0252-21-1001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H123C0679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H123C0679"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-enm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We examined the impact of gout on the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determined whether this association differs according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) status.Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service, this nationwide cohort study enrolled 847,884 patients with T2DM who underwent health checkups in 2009. Based on the presence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2) and gout (two outpatient visits or one hospitalization within 5 years), patients were classified into four groups: CKD\u2212Gout\u2212, CKD\u2212 Gout+, CKD+Gout\u2212, and CKD+Gout+. Patients with incident ESRD were followed up until December 2018.Results: Among 847,884 patients, 11,825 (1.4%) experienced progression to ESRD. ESRD incidence increased in the following order: 0.77 per 1,000 person-years (PY) in the CKD\u2212Gout\u2212 group, 1.34\/1,000 PY in the CKD\u2212Gout+ group, 8.20\/1,000 PY in the CKD+Gout\u2212 group, and 23.06\/1,000 PY in the CKD+Gout+ group. The presence of gout modified the ESRD risk in a status-dependent manner. Hazard ratios (HR) were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32 to 1.69) and 2.24 (95% CI, 2.09 to 2.40) in patients without and with CKD, respectively, indicating a significant interaction (P&lt;0.0001). The CKD+Gout+ group had a markedly higher risk of developing ESRD (HR, 18.9; 95% CI, 17.58 to 20.32) than the reference group (CKD\u2212Gout\u2212).Conclusion: Gout substantially enhances the risk of ESRD, even in the absence of CKD. Concurrent CKD and gout synergistically increase the risk of ESRD. Therefore, physicians should carefully screen for hyperuricemia to prevent progression to ESRD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2024.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T08:58:51Z","timestamp":1725008331000},"page":"748-757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease and Gout on End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3803","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-8544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inha","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-2393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Da Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Min","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Sung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji A","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-0643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4378-520X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2119","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"613","volume-title":"Prevalence and correlates of gout in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease: the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study","author":"Jing","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.10.011"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"A7","volume-title":"US renal data system 2016 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","author":"Saran","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02608-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1274-5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3806"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker384"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"43","volume-title":"High prevalence 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