{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T02:09:44Z","timestamp":1778206184842,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Korean Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00507183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-KH130308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-KH130308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A5A8029876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A5A8029876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023R1A2C3006220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A2C3006220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC22011-200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC22011-200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-enm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Catecholamines play a crucial role in muscle biogenesis, but their persistent elevation is linked to muscle wasting, which is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between catecholamine levels and age-related muscle loss.Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the plasma levels of two catecholamines, metanephrine and normetanephrine, and the clinical characteristics of 830 patients with adrenal incidentaloma on computed tomography (CT). Cross-sectional CT data at the L3 lumbar vertebrae were used to measure muscle areas. In vitro studies on C2C12 myotubes were conducted to examine \u03b2-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways and their role in myogenesis.Results: Men had significantly higher mean metanephrine levels of 0.17 nmol\/L and normetanephrine levels of 0.63 nmol\/L than women (P&lt;0.05). Total abdominal muscle area was negatively correlated with catecholamine levels in both men and women, with the strongest negative correlation between normetanephrine levels and total abdominal muscle area in men (r=\u20130.31, P&lt;0.001). Similarly, the strongest negative correlation between visceral fat area and metanephrine was observed in men (r=\u20130.25, P=0.004). Clenbuterol, a \u03b2-adrenergic receptor agonist, inhibited myogenesis, including myotube formation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) suppression in C2C12 myoblasts. Conversely, \u03b2-blockers increased myogenesis via increasing ERK phosphorylation in C2C12 cells. These findings suggest that \u03b2-adrenergic modulation influences skeletal muscle differentiation, with ERK phosphorylation.Conclusion: Catecholamine levels are associated with age, sex, muscle mass, and fat mass. Monitoring catecholamine levels, particularly in older men and in individuals with reduced muscle mass, may help manage age-related muscle loss and lead to individualized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2025.2527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:55:46Z","timestamp":1775462146000},"page":"319-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3803\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle Loss Driven by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Suppression via \u03b2-Adrenergic Activation in High-Normal Catecholamine Status"],"prefix":"10.3803","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1128-5637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jieun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Chungnam National University College of Nursing, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5252-8479","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju Yeon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Yeop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Sun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo Ju","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha Thi","family":"Nga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Linh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfin Mohammad","family":"Abdillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junglyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University College of Nursing, Daejeon, 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