{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:05:35Z","timestamp":1775739935851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Prostate Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.3816\/cgc.2004.n.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]],"date-time":"2008-09-11T01:07:16Z","timestamp":1221095236000},"page":"184-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Measurement of Intracellular Versus Extracellular Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Peripheral Macrophages: A New Approach to Noninvasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3816","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ralf","family":"Herwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Horninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rehder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Klocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Ramoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germar M.","family":"Pinggera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guenther","family":"Konwalinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441806","article-title":"Clinical practice. Prostate-specific-antigen testing for early diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"344","author":"Barry","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-001-0082-0","article-title":"How to improve prostate biopsy detection of prostate cancer","volume":"2","author":"Ornstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32299-1","article-title":"Comparison of prostate specific antigen concentration versus prostate specific antigen density in the early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves","volume":"152","author":"Catalona","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540420048028","article-title":"Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng\/mL and benign prostate examination. Enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements","volume":"277","author":"Catalona","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(05)70333-5","article-title":"The use of prostate-specific antigen and free\/total prostate-specific antigen in the diagnosis of localized prostate cancer","volume":"23","author":"Partin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65320-5","article-title":"Can free and total prostate specific antigen and prostatic volume distinguish between men with negative and positive systematic ultrasound guided prostate biopsies?","volume":"157","author":"Prestigiacomo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000056523","article-title":"Summary report of the TD-3 workshop: characterization of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen","volume":"20","author":"Stenman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64999-3","article-title":"Serial biopsy results in prostate cancer screening study","volume":"167","author":"Roehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031918","article-title":"Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level <=4.0 ng per milliliter","volume":"350","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.372","article-title":"Detection of circulating prostatespecific antigen-positive cells in patients with prostate cancer by flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction","volume":"74","author":"Fadlon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib11","first-page":"215","article-title":"The use of flow cytometry and RT-PCR in the detection of circulating PSA-positive cells in prostate cancer","volume":"92","author":"Fadlon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15566.x","article-title":"Circulating prostate specific antigen-positive cells correlate with metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"69","author":"Hamdy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herwig R, Horninger W, Rehder P, et al. Ability of PSA-positive circulating macrophages to detect prostate cancer. Prostate 2004. In press.","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20141"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67064-2","article-title":"Effect of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on elevated serum prostate specific antigen levels","volume":"154","author":"Nadler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38325-8","article-title":"Predicting radionuclide bone scan findings in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen is superior to all other clinical parameters","volume":"145","author":"Chybowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66519-6","article-title":"The incidence of prostate cancer in a screening population with a serum prostate specific antigen between 2.5 and 4.0 ng\/ml: relation to biopsy strategy","volume":"165","author":"Babaian","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CGC.2004.n.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65171-3","article-title":"Comparison of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted biopsy with conventional systematic biopsy: impact on prostate cancer detection","volume":"167","author":"Frauscher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Prostate Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154003521170083X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S154003521170083X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T22:59:25Z","timestamp":1557788365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S154003521170083X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S154003521170083X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3816\/cgc.2004.n.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-0352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-0352","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}