{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:10:06Z","timestamp":1781604606025,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.3816\/clm.2005.n.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,11]],"date-time":"2008-09-11T01:10:34Z","timestamp":1221095434000},"page":"228-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Advances in Multiple Myeloma and Spine Disease"],"prefix":"10.3816","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tahir","family":"Latif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.1.10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2005 [published erratum in CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55:259]","volume":"55","author":"Jemal","year":"2005","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.1.68","article-title":"Relationship of lung function to severity of osteoporosis in women","volume":"141","author":"Leech","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9788","article-title":"RANK is the essential signaling receptor for osteoclast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis","volume":"253","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density","volume":"89","author":"Simonet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/16852","article-title":"OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis","volume":"397","author":"Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.12.3832","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: an overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials","volume":"16","author":"Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib7","first-page":"29","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases","volume":"50","author":"Kyle","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.11.1215","article-title":"Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group","volume":"159","author":"Kado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.18.2412","article-title":"RANK is essential for osteoclast and lymph node development","volume":"13","author":"Dougall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11581","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201394498","article-title":"Multiple myeloma disrupts the TRANCE\/osteoprotegerin cytokine axis to trigger bone destruction and promote tumor progression","volume":"98","author":"Pearse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.13.3527","article-title":"Myeloma cells induce imbalance in the osteoprotegerin\/osteoprotegerin ligand system in the human bone marrow environment","volume":"98","author":"Giuliani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2684","article-title":"RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin in myeloma bone disease","volume":"101","author":"Sezer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.7.2269","article-title":"Serum osteoprotegerin levels are reduced in patients with multiple myeloma with lytic bone disease","volume":"98","author":"Seidel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11138","article-title":"A phase I study of AMGN-0007, a recombinant osteoprotegerin construct, in patients with multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma related bone metastases","volume":"97","author":"Body","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)00019-2","article-title":"New insights into role of microenvironment in multiple myeloma","volume":"355","author":"Tricot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3839","article-title":"Osteoclasts enhance myeloma cell growth and survival via cell-cell contact: a vicious cycle between bone destruction and myeloma expansion","volume":"104","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.6.2195","article-title":"Role for macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma","volume":"100","author":"Abe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.24.3286","article-title":"Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development","volume":"11","author":"Cadigan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00571-2","article-title":"LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development","volume":"107","author":"Gong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200201089","article-title":"Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor","volume":"157","author":"Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1086\/338450","article-title":"A mutation in the LDL receptor- related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high-bonemass trait","volume":"70","author":"Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013444","article-title":"High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5","volume":"346","author":"Boyden","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00041-7","article-title":"Dickkopf1 is required for embryonic head induction and limb morphogenesis in the mouse","volume":"1","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.5.966","article-title":"The Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 is regulated by Bmp signaling and c-Jun and modulates programmed cell death","volume":"21","author":"Grotewold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28067","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300373200","article-title":"The Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf- 1 is required for reentry into the cell cycle of human adult stem cells from bone marrow","volume":"278","author":"Gregory","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030847","article-title":"The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma","volume":"349","author":"Tian","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340802","article-title":"Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Myeloma Aredia Study Group","volume":"334","author":"Berenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.2.593","article-title":"Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. Myeloma Aredia Study Group","volume":"16","author":"Berenson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93075-X","article-title":"Randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trial of clodronate in multiple myeloma. Finnish Leukaemia Group","volume":"340","author":"Lahtinen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00567.x","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effect of clodronate on skeletal morbidity in multiple myeloma. MRC Working Party on Leukaemia in Adults","volume":"100","author":"McCloskey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02851.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of clodronate in multiple myeloma","volume":"113","author":"McCloskey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib33","first-page":"377","article-title":"Zoledronic acid versus pamidronate in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer or osteolytic lesions of multiple myeloma: a phase III, double-blind, comparative trial","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib34","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Djulbegovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90245-7","article-title":"Studies of the oral bioavailability of alendronate","volume":"58","author":"Gertz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.06.037","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines: the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Berenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.004","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases","volume":"62","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530050068035","article-title":"Strontium 89 therapy for the palliation of pain due to osseous metastases","volume":"274","author":"Robinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38S","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712151-00007","article-title":"Future directions. Augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral bodies","volume":"22","author":"Bostrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib40","first-page":"166","article-title":"Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Galibert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib41","first-page":"1897","article-title":"Percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: technical aspects","volume":"18","author":"Jensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200004150-00005","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization","volume":"25","author":"Barr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib43","first-page":"177","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteolytic metastases or multiple myeloma","volume":"64","author":"Cortet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Engl Ed"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.09.097","article-title":"Kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral compression fractures as a result of multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Dudeney","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.2.9536480","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty: state of the art","volume":"18","author":"Cotten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.2.8685351","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteolytic metastases and myeloma: effects of the percentage of lesion filling and the leakage of methyl methacrylate at clinical follow-up","volume":"200","author":"Cotten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00127-1","article-title":"Temperature elevation caused by bone cement polymerization during vertebroplasty","volume":"25","author":"Deramond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200005010-00002","article-title":"Vertebroplasty: an opportunity to do something really good for patients","volume":"25","author":"Einhorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210010-00018","article-title":"An in vivo comparison of the potential for extravertebral cement leak after vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty","volume":"27","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70042-7","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and results","volume":"36","author":"Deramond","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00026","article-title":"Initial outcome and efficacy of \u201ckyphoplasty\u201d in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures","volume":"26","author":"Lieberman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.3816\/CLM.2005.n.050_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000093841.72468.a8","article-title":"Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for osteolytic vertebral collapse","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1557919011703961?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1557919011703961?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T06:09:44Z","timestamp":1588918184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1557919011703961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1557919011703961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3816\/clm.2005.n.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-9190"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-9190","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}