{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:45:26Z","timestamp":1792586726677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (JFDA), Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan (TFDA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On analyzing the results of cell-based assays, we have previously shown that perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract (PLE), a food supplement and orally deliverable traditional Chinese medicine approved by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by directly targeting virions. PLE was also found to modulate virus-induced cytokine expression levels. In this study, we explored the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of PLE in a hamster model by examining viral loads and virus-induced immunopathology in lung tissues. Experimental animals were intranasally challenged with different SARS-CoV-2 doses. Jugular blood samples and lung tissue specimens were obtained in the acute disease stage (3\u22124 post-infection days). As expected, SARS-CoV-2 induced lung inflammation and hemorrhagic effusions in the alveoli and perivascular areas; additionally, it increased the expression of several immune markers of lung injury \u2212 including lung Ki67-positive cells, Iba-1-positive macrophages, and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils. Virus-induced lung alterations were significantly attenuated by orally administered PLE. In addition, pretreatment of hamsters with PLE significantly reduced viral loads and immune marker expression. A purified active fraction of PLE was found to confer higher antiviral protection. Notably, PLE prevented SARS-CoV-2-induced increase in serum markers of liver and kidney function as well as the decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Differently from lung pathology, monitoring of serum biomarkers in Syrian hamsters may allow a more humane assessment of the novel drugs with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Our results expand prior research by confirming that PLE may exert an in vivo therapeutic activity against SARS-CoV-2 by attenuating viral loads and lung tissue inflammation, which may pave the way for future clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T06:24:02Z","timestamp":1655274242000},"page":"252-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Orally delivered perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Syrian hamster model"],"prefix":"10.38212","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yuan-Fan","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Fan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tein-Yao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsun","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ping","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim-Tong","family":"Horng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 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