{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:45:10Z","timestamp":1792586710519,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (JFDA), Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan (TFDA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chitosan and alginate, are non-toxic and biodegradable polymers used to enhance the stability of biotherapeutics by loading them into nanocarriers. In this study, the stone fish-derived low molecular weight peptide (Ala-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gln-Phe-Tyr), exhibited an in vitro ACE-inhibitory activity of 94.43 \u00b1 2.05% and an IC50 of 0.012 \u00b1 0.001 mM. The peptide was encapsulated via ionic gelation with alginate followed by polyelectrolyte complexation with chitosan. The resulting ACE-inhibitory peptide-loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs) were optimized to achieve small particle size (212.60 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (EE, 74.48%). This was based on an optimum chitosan concentration (0.420%w\/v), homogenization speed (6000 rpm), and homogenization time (30 min) using Box Behnken experimental design (BBED). Characterization of the ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs revealed a spherical, monodispersed morphology with high physicochemical stability during storage at 2\u00b0C, 7\u00b0C, and 12\u00b0C for 12 weeks. Moreover, the in vivo study conducted on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) demonstrated a significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering effect of the ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs compared to captopril and unencapsulated peptide. Hence, alginate and chitosan can be used as biocompatible coating materials to enhance the stability and in vivo antihypertensive effect of Ala-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gln-Phe-Tyr through encapsulation, thereby making it otentially valuable for various applications in pharmaceuticals and food industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T05:54:51Z","timestamp":1726379691000},"page":"358-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimization, physicochemical stability and in vivo study of alginate-chitosan composites as nanocarriers for low molecular weight angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide"],"prefix":"10.38212","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shehu Muhammad","family":"Auwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Balqis Muhammad","family":"Ghanisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazamid","family":"Saari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25385","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"container-title":["Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jfda-online.com\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=3522&amp;context=journal","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:16:07Z","timestamp":1792584967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jfda-online.com\/journal\/vol32\/iss3\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.38212\/2224-6614.3522","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-6614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-6614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]}}}