{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:45:12Z","timestamp":1792586712158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (JFDA), Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan (TFDA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopaminergic neuronal loss,oxidative stress, neuroin\ufb02ammation, and a-synuclein aggregation. Despite advances, current treatments only offersymptomatic relief without altering disease progression. This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of plant-derived phytochemicals in PD through evidence from both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Key \ufb01ndingsindicate that rodent models (e.g., MPTP, rotenone) and neuronal cell lines (e.g., SH-SY5Y) help replicate PD pathologyand mechanistic insights. Phytochemicals such as baicalein, morin, ferulic acid, and bacopa demonstrate neuroprotectiveeffects via antioxidant, anti-in\ufb02ammatory, and mitochondrial-stabilizing pathways. Nanotechnology and brain orga-noids further improve translational relevance. In conclusion, phytomedicines hold signi\ufb01cant promise as adjunctive PDtherapies. However, challenges such as poor bioavailability, model variability, and lack of clinical validation must be addressed through standardized protocols and long-term studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T20:39:32Z","timestamp":1758314372000},"page":"193-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vivo and in vitro perspectives in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms and the role of phytomedicine"],"prefix":"10.38212","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jeewanjot","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India, PIN: 140111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devinder","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India, PIN: 140111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25385","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"container-title":["Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:15:24Z","timestamp":1792584924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jfda-online.com\/journal\/vol33\/iss3\/2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.38212\/2224-6614.3557","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-6614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-6614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}}}