{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:59:26Z","timestamp":1776128366151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Liverpool University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Town Planning Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article analyses (based on multidimensional criteria) land-use plans at a local level (using selected cities as examples) and their relationships to crucial planning issues identified at both national and local levels. The planning approaches of cities from the following countries were compared: Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Ghana, Iran, Mexico, Mongolia, Portugal and Poland. These countries are diverse in terms of their legal, political, cultural and geographical perspectives. Across these diverse countries, comparisons were made of local spatial plans (as enacted in specific cities), with regard to their legal features. From this, directions for a possible universal debate of local-level spatial plans as currently emerging is proposed. Based on the comparison undertaken, it is possible that the spatial plans studied designate zones of land use and detailed principles (including parameters) of development for cities. In some countries, attempts have also been made for the plans to solve spatial problems more broadly, for example by linking strategic planning objectives with the spatial development sphere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licences\/by\/4.0\/<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.2023.40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T09:10:27Z","timestamp":1708593027000},"page":"197-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An international comparison of the scope and instruments of local spatial planning"],"prefix":"10.3828","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej J.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maciej J. Nowak is Professor in the Department of Real Estate, Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piast\u00f3w 17, Szczecin, 70\u2013310, Poland, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"D\u00fchr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie D\u00fchr is Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-4057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sergio Pe\u00f1a is Professor at the Colegio de la Frontera Norte, San Antonio del Mar, 22560, Tijuana, Baja California, M\u00e9xico, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolormaa","family":"Batsuuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolormaa Batsuuri is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, MN, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7093-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria Fast is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6594-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Fid\u00e9lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teresa Fid\u00e9lis is Professor in Environmental Planning and Governance in the Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond","family":"Gagakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Gagakuma is PhD Researcher in the Social Equity Research Centre, RMIT University, 360 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhichao He is Assistant Professor in the Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8609-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Khavarian-Garmsir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir is Assistant Professor at the University of Isfahan, Azadi Square, Isfahan, Iran, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Legutko-Kobus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paulina Legutko-Kobus is Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Policy, Warsaw School of Economics, ul. 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Arturo Prat Chac\u00f3n, 2120 Iquique, Tarapac\u00e1, Chile, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6603-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munkhnaran","family":"Sugar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Munkhnaran Sugar is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ot\u00e1vio Martins","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ot\u00e1vio Martins Peres is Professor at the Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, ORCID iD:"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-6710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Blaszke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Blaszke is Professor in the Department of Real Estate, Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland, ORCID iD: ."}]}],"member":"2165","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","volume-title":"Takings International: A Comparative Perspective on Land Use Regulations and Compensation Rights","author":"ALTERMAN R","year":"2010","unstructured":"ALTERMAN, R. 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