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It is a function of gas metallicity, but the low-metallicity regime of the KS diagram is poorly sampled. We have analyzed data for a representative set of extremely metal-poor galaxies (XMPs), as well as auxiliary data, and compared these to empirical and theoretical predictions. The majority of the XMPs possess high specific SFRs, similar to high-redshift star-forming galaxies. On the KS plot, the XMP H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>\u00a0data occupy the same region as dwarfs\u00a0and extend the relation for low surface brightness galaxies. Considering the H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>\u00a0gas alone, a considerable fraction of the XMPs already fall off the KS law. Significant quantities of \u201cdark\u201d H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mass (i.e., not traced by CO) would imply that XMPs possess low star formation efficiencies (SFE<jats:sub>gas<\/jats:sub>). Low SFE<jats:sub>gas<\/jats:sub> in XMPs may be the result of the metal-poor nature of the H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>\u00a0gas. Alternatively, the H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>\u00a0reservoir may be largely inert, the star formation being dominated by cosmological accretion. Time lags between gas accretion and star formation may also reduce the apparent SFE<jats:sub>gas<\/jats:sub>, as may galaxy winds, which can expel most of the gas into the intergalactic medium. Hence, on global scales, XMPs could be H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>-dominated, high-specific-SFR (\u227310<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), low-SFE<jats:sub>gas<\/jats:sub> (\u227210<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) systems, in which the total H <jats:sc>i<\/jats:sc>\u00a0mass is likely not a good predictor of the total H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mass, nor of the SFR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637x\/820\/2\/109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]],"date-time":"2016-03-28T14:13:22Z","timestamp":1459174402000},"page":"109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["THE KENNICUTT\u2013SCHMIDT RELATION IN EXTREMELY METAL-POOR DWARF GALAXIES"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"820","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. 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