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While optical RV is now a mature field, there is currently a strong effort to push the technique into the near-infrared domain (chiefly <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic> bandpasses) to probe planetary systems around late-type stars. The combined lower mass and luminosity of M dwarfs leads to an increased reflex RV signal for planets in the habitable zone compared to Sun-like stars. The estimates on the detectability of planets rely on various instrumental characteristics but also on a prior knowledge of the stellar spectrum. While the overall properties of M dwarf spectra have been extensively tested against observations, the same is not true for their detailed line profiles, which leads to significant uncertainties when converting a given signal-to-noise ratio to a corresponding RV precision as attainable on a given spectrograph. By combining archival CRIRES and HARPS data with ESPaDOnS data of Barnard\u2019s star, we show that state-of-the-art atmosphere models over-predict the <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>-band RV content by more than a factor of \u223c2, while under-predicting the <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>-band content by half.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aab77d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T14:34:15Z","timestamp":1524062055000},"page":"198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Optical and Near-infrared Radial Velocity Content of M Dwarfs: Testing Models with Barnard\u2019s Star"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"Artigau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lison","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Doyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Delfosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Astudillo-Defru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ajaab77dbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19106","volume":"536","author":"Anglada-Escud\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"ajaab77dbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A119","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424253","volume":"575","author":"Astudillo-Defru","year":"2015","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"ajaab77dbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2056385","volume":"9149","author":"Artigau","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Proc. 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