{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T21:15:26Z","timestamp":1773090926699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/X005399\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X005399\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/U536751\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/U536751\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/V026437\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V026437\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["RYC2021-033191-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2021-033191-I"]}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PID2022-140670NA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-140670NA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033\/FEDER"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PNRR-4-2-1.2 project No. SOE 0000136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-4-2-1.2 project No. SOE 0000136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2020.02633.CEECIND\/CP1631\/CT0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.02633.CEECIND\/CP1631\/CT0002"]}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04434\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04434\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MEC \u2223 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04434\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04434\/2020"]}]},{"name":"South African Radio Astronomy Observatory and National Research Foundation","award":["84156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ApJS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n We present a novel analysis of observational systematics through the emission-line stacking of the MeerKLASS L<\/jats:italic>-band deep-field intensity maps, following the detection in MeerKLASS Collaboration et al. A stacking signal is obtained by stacking the 21 cm intensity map cubelets around the galaxy positions from the GAMA survey at 0.39\u00a0\u2272\u00a0z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2272\u00a00.46. An extensive simulation framework is built to study the viability of the stacking detection, the covariance estimation, and the model inference, which are then applied to the data. The statistical significance of the detection is 8.66\u03c3<\/jats:italic> when averaged into an angular map, and 7.45\u03c3<\/jats:italic> when averaged into a spectrum. The stacked spectrum exhibits an oscillating component of systematics, and we provide evidence that these systematics are a convolutional effect on the map data. The oscillation frequency matches the diffraction from the secondary reflector into the primary beam of the MeerKAT telescope. Bayesian inference can be used to constrain the systematics and the average H i<\/jats:sc> emission of the galaxies. The fitting of the parameters gives a constraint on the systematics frequency \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u03bd<\/mml:mi>\n sys<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \n [<\/mml:mo>\n MHz<\/mml:mi>\n ]<\/mml:mo>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 17.9<\/mml:mn>\n \n 0<\/mml:mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n 4.27<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n 6.53<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:math>\n\n <\/jats:inline-formula>. The posterior of the systematics amplitude reaches the wide prior and gives \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n A<\/mml:mi>\n sys<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:msub>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.5<\/mml:mn>\n \n 0<\/mml:mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n 0.33<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n 0.33<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:math>\n\n <\/jats:inline-formula>. A tentative measurement of the average H i<\/jats:sc> mass of the sources is achieved at \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n log<\/mml:mi>\n 10<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n [<\/mml:mo>\n \u3008<\/mml:mo>\n \n M<\/mml:mi>\n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n \n I<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \u3009<\/mml:mo>\n \/<\/mml:mo>\n \n M<\/mml:mi>\n \u2299<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msub>\n ]<\/mml:mo>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 9.8<\/mml:mn>\n \n 4<\/mml:mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n 0.59<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n 0.48<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msubsup>\n <\/mml:math>\n\n <\/jats:inline-formula>, which is an underestimation limited by the narrow redshift bin, the strong degeneracy with the systematics, and the low-density galaxy sample. These shortfalls will be resolved for future MeerKLASS data to enable accurate measurements of the H i<\/jats:sc> density through stacking of intensity maps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1751259058000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Emission-line Stacking of 21 cm Intensity Maps with MeerKLASS: Inference Pipeline and Application to the L<\/i>-band Deep-field Data"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-8239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaoting \u5146\u5ead","family":"Chen \u9648","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6594-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Cunnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alkistis","family":"Pourtsidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Wolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-3254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8964-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Barberi-Squarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-3574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefano","family":"Camera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella P.","family":"Carucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0549-1614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6780-1406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keith","family":"Grainge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melis O.","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-3073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5598-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingying \u5a67\u9896","family":"Wang \u738b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"(MeerKLASS Collaboration)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"apjsadd897bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A14","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202140883","volume":"664","author":"Abdalla","year":"2022","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1666","volume":"444","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/sty346","volume":"476","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab104","volume":"502","author":"Asad","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac7c74","volume":"935","author":"Astropy Collaboration","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2010.16282.x","volume":"404","author":"Baldry","year":"2010","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stw1380","volume":"461","author":"Barry","year":"2016","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2004.08416.x","volume":"355","author":"Battye","year":"2004","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L10","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ac9d32","volume":"940","author":"Bera","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043517","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.043517","volume":"109","author":"Bernal","year":"2024","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00159-022-00143-0","volume":"30","author":"Bernal","year":"2022","journal-title":"A&ARv"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2011.19250.x","volume":"416","author":"Beutler","year":"2011","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02933588","volume":"22","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2001","journal-title":"JApA"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/adb1b8","volume":"982","author":"Bianchetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac1046","volume":"514","author":"Bosman","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib16","author":"Breysse","year":"2022"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231105","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.231105","volume":"123","author":"Breysse","year":"2019","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad2350","volume":"525","author":"Breysse","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx203","volume":"467","author":"Breysse","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib20","author":"Carucci","year":"2024"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2854","volume":"499","author":"Carucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"091303","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.091303","volume":"100","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad2102","volume":"524","author":"Chen","year":"2023a","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac3288","volume":"518","author":"Chen","year":"2023b","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab386","volume":"502","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ac6fd9","volume":"261","author":"CHIME Collaboration","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acb13f","volume":"947","author":"CHIME Collaboration","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad359","volume":"520","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/248.1.1","volume":"248","author":"Coles","year":"1991","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-1573(02)00276-4","volume":"372","author":"Cooray","year":"2002","journal-title":"PhR"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011019","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JATIS.8.1.011019","volume":"8","author":"Crichton","year":"2022","journal-title":"JATIS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab856","volume":"504","author":"Cunnington","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6262","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac3060","volume":"518","author":"Cunnington","year":"2023a","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad1567","volume":"523","author":"Cunnington","year":"2023b","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2239953","volume":"61","author":"de Villiers","year":"2013","journal-title":"ITAP"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac472","volume":"513","author":"Driver","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5.12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4004.2009.50512.x","volume":"50","author":"Driver","year":"2009","journal-title":"A&G"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2010.18188.x","volume":"413","author":"Driver","year":"2011","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ad2dfc","volume":"965","author":"Dunne","year":"2024","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib40","author":"Dunne","year":"2025"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae2649","volume":"536","author":"Engelbrecht","year":"2025","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.21105\/astro.1306.2144","volume":"2","author":"Feroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"OJAp"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2006.08.002","volume":"433","author":"Furlanetto","year":"2006","journal-title":"PhR"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Gogate","year":"2022","DOI":"10.33612\/diss.206445119"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063506","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.063506","volume":"106","author":"G\u00f3mez-Valent","year":"2022","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stw3384","volume":"467","author":"Grieb","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac062e","volume":"918","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","volume":"585","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib49","first-page":"1","volume":"47","author":"Haslam","year":"1982","journal-title":"A&AS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.1970.4313902","volume":"19","author":"Hellwig","year":"1970","journal-title":"ITIM"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa941","volume":"494","author":"Heywood","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae2081","volume":"534","author":"Heywood","year":"2024","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A85","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201117294","volume":"536","author":"Hilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2038","volume":"489","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"CSE"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aaf4bc","volume":"871","author":"Ihle","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3346","volume":"509","author":"Irfan","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib58","first-page":"006","author":"Jarvis","year":"2016"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.1998.01367.x","volume":"297","author":"Jonas","year":"1998","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/sty521","volume":"477","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/227.1.1","volume":"227","author":"Kaiser","year":"1987","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa3736","volume":"501","author":"Kern","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad2441","volume":"525","author":"Lange","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"083005","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.76.083005","volume":"76","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib65","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"CAMB: Code for Anisotropies in the Microwave Background, Astrophysics Source Code Library"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ace896","volume":"954","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1436","volume":"452","author":"Liske","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L26","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ac82e5","volume":"934","author":"Lujan Niemeyer","year":"2022b","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac5cb8","volume":"929","author":"Lujan Niemeyer","year":"2022a","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1086\/303549","volume":"475","author":"Madau","year":"1997","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A35","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039655","volume":"646","author":"Maddox","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L20","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/763\/1\/L20","volume":"763","author":"Masui","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab1688","volume":"506","author":"Matshawule","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staf195","volume":"537","author":"MeerKLASS Collaboration","year":"2025","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-021-00353-y","volume":"3","author":"Melchior","year":"2021","journal-title":"NatRP"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1017\/pasa.2017.31","volume":"34","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PASA"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00850","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac2419","volume":"516","author":"Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz3030","volume":"491","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad2343","volume":"525","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A6","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833910","volume":"641","author":"Planck Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5308","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad1249","volume":"522","author":"Ponomareva","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab2654","volume":"508","author":"Ponomareva","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/psv118","volume":"68","author":"Pullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PASJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac693","volume":"512","author":"Rajohnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab1817","volume":"506","author":"Ranchod","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20011000","volume":"376","author":"Reich","year":"2001","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1274","volume":"451","author":"Remazeilles","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae2358","volume":"535","author":"Renard","year":"2024","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023507","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.023507","volume":"110","author":"Sabla","year":"2024","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib91","author":"Sampath","year":"2024"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib92","first-page":"032","author":"Santos","year":"2016"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103534","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.103534","volume":"106","author":"Sato-Polito","year":"2022","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1086\/154079","volume":"203","author":"Schechter","year":"1976","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac1584","volume":"514","author":"Sinigaglia","year":"2022a","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L13","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ac85ae","volume":"935","author":"Sinigaglia","year":"2022b","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stae713","volume":"529","author":"Sinigaglia","year":"2024","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pasa.2019.51","volume":"37","author":"SKAO Cosmology Science Working Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"PASA"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-8711.2003.06503.x","volume":"341","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L26","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202450798","volume":"688","author":"Spina","year":"2024","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3064","volume":"509","author":"Spinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L46","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slt074","volume":"434","author":"Switzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/761\/2\/152","volume":"761","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stx949","volume":"469","author":"Thorne","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2727","volume":"498","author":"Tramonte","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2146","volume":"489","author":"Tramonte","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stac996","volume":"513","author":"Tudorache","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib108","author":"Tudorache","year":"2024"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib109","first-page":"661","volume":"54","author":"Tully","year":"1977","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib110","article-title":"The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)","author":"Vanderlinde","year":"2019"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aadba0","volume":"866","author":"Villaescusa-Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"NatMe"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043534","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.043534","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PhRvD"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab1365","volume":"505","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib115","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab709","volume":"503","author":"Weaverdyck","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stt2266","volume":"438","author":"Westmeier","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staf668","volume":"539","author":"Wilensky","year":"2025","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab3621","volume":"510","author":"Wolz","year":"2022","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2007.12631.x","volume":"383","author":"Wyithe","year":"2008","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa3931","volume":"501","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stw2525","volume":"464","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stad1801","volume":"525","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac6e60","volume":"932","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L49","DOI":"10.1093\/mnrasl\/slae061","volume":"533","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjsadd897bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ascom.2020.100439","volume":"34","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&C"}],"container-title":["The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T04:51:03Z","timestamp":1751259063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/add897","relation":{},"ISSN":["0067-0049","1538-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0067-0049","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Emission-line Stacking of 21 cm Intensity Maps with MeerKLASS: Inference Pipeline and Application to the L-band Deep-field Data","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-04-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}