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Making use of a large collection of time-resolved cosmic-ray data from recent space missions, we construct a simple predictive model of solar modulation that depends on direct solar-physics inputs: the number of solar sunspots and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet. Under this framework, we present calculations of cosmic-ray proton spectra, positron\/electron and antiproton\/proton ratios, and their time dependence in connection with the evolving solar activity. We report evidence for a time lag <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math>\n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"apjlaa9373ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> months, between solar-activity data and cosmic-ray flux measurements in space, which reflects the dynamics of the formation of the modulation region. This result enables us to <jats:italic>forecast<\/jats:italic> the cosmic-ray flux near Earth well in advance by monitoring solar activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aa9373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T15:21:28Z","timestamp":1510154488000},"page":"L32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"849","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0856-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Tomassetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1874-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Orcinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bar\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7584-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Bertucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"apjlaa9373bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2008.10.053","volume":"670","author":"Abe","year":"2008","journal-title":"PhLB"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.051102","volume":"108","author":"Abe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/765\/2\/91","volume":"765","author":"Adriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.241105","volume":"116","author":"Adriani","year":"2016","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.171103","volume":"114","author":"Aguilar","year":"2015a","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.211101","volume":"115","author":"Aguilar","year":"2015b","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.091103","volume":"117","author":"Aguilar","year":"2016","journal-title":"PhRvL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JA012280","volume":"112","author":"Alanko-Huotari","year":"2007","journal-title":"JGR"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib9","author":"Amato","year":"2017"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-012-9970-3","volume":"279","author":"Aslam","year":"2012","journal-title":"SoPh"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-015-0753-5","volume":"290","author":"Aslam","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoPh"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20066549","volume":"466","author":"Badruddin","year":"2007","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2005.03.088","volume":"35","author":"Belov","year":"2005","journal-title":"AdSpR"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2017.05.025","volume":"60","author":"Bindi","year":"2017","journal-title":"AdSpR"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/745\/2\/132","volume":"745","author":"Bobik","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib16","author":"Boschini","year":"2017","journal-title":"AdSpR"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib16a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1086\/167313","volume":"339","author":"Burger","year":"1989","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-015-0832-7","volume":"291","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"SoPh"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JA014225","volume":"114","author":"Clem","year":"2009","journal-title":"JGR"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib18a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-016-1014-y","volume":"291","author":"Clette","year":"2016","journal-title":"SoPh"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/831\/1\/18","volume":"831","author":"Cummings","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlaa9373bib20","first-page":"1073","author":"Di Felice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. 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