{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:34:40Z","timestamp":1775072080608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ApJL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The two-planet transiting system LHS 1140 has been extensively observed since its discovery in 2017, notably with Spitzer, HST, TESS, and ESPRESSO, placing strong constraints on the parameters of the M4.5 host star and its small temperate exoplanets, LHS 1140 b and c. Here, we reanalyze the ESPRESSO observations of LHS 1140 with the novel line-by-line framework designed to fully exploit the radial velocity content of a stellar spectrum while being resilient to outlier measurements. The improved radial velocities, combined with updated stellar parameters, consolidate our knowledge of the mass of LHS 1140 b (5.60 \u00b1 0.19 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>\u2295<\/jats:sub>) and LHS 1140 c (1.91 \u00b1 0.06 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>\u2295<\/jats:sub>) with an unprecedented precision of 3%. Transits from Spitzer, HST, and TESS are jointly analyzed for the first time, allowing us to refine the planetary radii of b (1.730 \u00b1 0.025 <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>\u2295<\/jats:sub>) and c (1.272 \u00b1 0.026 <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>\u2295<\/jats:sub>). Stellar abundance measurements of refractory elements (Fe, Mg, and Si) obtained with NIRPS are used to constrain the internal structure of LHS 1140 b. This planet is unlikely to be a rocky super-Earth, as previously reported, but rather a mini-Neptune with a \u223c0.1% H\/He envelope by mass or a water world with a water-mass fraction between 9% and 19%, depending on the atmospheric composition and relative abundance of Fe and Mg. While the mini-Neptune case would not be habitable, a water-abundant LHS 1140 b potentially has habitable surface conditions according to 3D global climate models, suggesting liquid water at the substellar point for atmospheres with relatively low CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration, from Earth-like to a few bars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T09:36:31Z","timestamp":1704274591000},"page":"L3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["New Mass and Radius Constraints on the LHS 1140 Planets: LHS 1140 b Is either a Temperate Mini-Neptune or a Water World"],"prefix":"10.3847","volume":"960","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9291-5555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles","family":"Cadieux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykhaylo","family":"Plotnykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-4675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Doyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3993-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farbod","family":"Jahandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4987-6591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2260-9856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Turbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-9631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Fauchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5383-9393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan","family":"Cloutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-5469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Collin","family":"Cherubim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-5667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"Artigau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-4121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-3237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Billy","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-8427","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tim","family":"Hallatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-6545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Charnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-393X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bouchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-9759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Romain","family":"Allart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucile","family":"Mignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-1128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-3625","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susana C. C.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-1498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Benneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-7400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B. L.","family":"Canto Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6129-5699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas B.","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8218-1586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. R.","family":"De Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5099-7978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Delfosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-2195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Delgado-Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9332-2011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xavier","family":"Dumusque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9704-5405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Ehrenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4009-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda G. C.","family":"Frensch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0264-7356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. I.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6780-4252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Lafreni\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1158-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaspare","family":"Lo Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8786-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lison","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6090-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dany","family":"Mounzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8569-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera Maria","family":"Passeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Poulin-Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4422-2919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nuno C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Sosnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3814-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Su\u00e1rez Mascare\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vaulato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregg A.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Wildi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2208","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"apjlad1691bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg8794","volume":"374","author":"Adibekyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/abd022","volume":"2","author":"Agol","year":"2021","journal-title":"PSJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abfa99","volume":"914","author":"Aguichine","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab929e","volume":"249","author":"Ahumada","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1086\/672273","volume":"125","author":"Akeson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"075001","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/acd7a3","volume":"135","author":"Albert","year":"2023","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0269","volume":"370","author":"Allard","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSPTA"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A196","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243629","volume":"666","author":"Allart","year":"2022","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2448083","volume":"38","author":"Ambikasaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"ITPAM"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19106","volume":"536","author":"Anglada-Escud\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1088\/0067-0049\/200\/2\/15","volume":"200","author":"Anglada-Escud\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac7ce6","volume":"164","author":"Artigau","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A141","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202140445","volume":"653","author":"Asplund","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aabc4f","volume":"156","author":"Astropy Collaboration","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L11","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731581","volume":"605","author":"Astudillo-Defru","year":"2017","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"064501","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aa65b0","volume":"129","author":"Batalha","year":"2017","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab1027","volume":"504","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-6256\/152\/5\/141","volume":"152","author":"Benedict","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/778\/2\/153","volume":"778","author":"Benneke","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20031213","volume":"410","author":"Bensby","year":"2003","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A46","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322383","volume":"564","author":"Bertaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib22","author":"Binney","year":"2008","edition":"2nd. ed."},{"key":"apjlad1691bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz549","volume":"486","author":"Blanco-Cuaresma","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-081915-023441","volume":"54","author":"Bland-Hawthorn","year":"2016","journal-title":"ARA&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"038001","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/acb846","volume":"135","author":"B\u00f6ker","year":"2023","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/715\/2\/1050","volume":"715","author":"Bond","year":"2010","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab370","volume":"503","author":"Bonsor","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.18727\/0722-6691\/5034","volume":"169","author":"Bouchy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Msngr"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20010730","volume":"374","author":"Bouchy","year":"2001","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A120","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201630020","volume":"601","author":"Boutle","year":"2017","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac7cea","volume":"164","author":"Cadieux","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/813\/1\/72","volume":"813","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A171","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039525","volume":"646","author":"Charnay","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/813\/1\/L1","volume":"813","author":"Charnay","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/acbdfd","volume":"165","author":"Cherubim","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aacea9","volume":"156","author":"Cloutier","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab8237","volume":"159","author":"Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114509","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/ac9e74","volume":"134","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06230-1","volume":"620","author":"Coulombe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-017-0351-6","volume":"2","author":"Dang","year":"2018","journal-title":"NatAs"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/756\/2\/122","volume":"756","author":"Dawson","year":"2012","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2458\/azu_uapress_9780816540068.","author":"Del Genio","year":"2020"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2017.1760","volume":"19","author":"Del Genio","year":"2019","journal-title":"AsBio"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib44","first-page":"690","author":"Delmotte","year":"2006"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/805\/2\/132","volume":"805","author":"Deming","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab935f","volume":"160","author":"Diamond-Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22055","volume":"544","author":"Dittmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5684","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2569","volume":"498","author":"Donati","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A38","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201628749","volume":"597","author":"Dorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"098001","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/acd41b","volume":"135","author":"Doyon","year":"2023","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A47","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201833795","volume":"620","author":"Dumusque","year":"2018","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/abc6a5","volume":"161","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3847\/2515-5172\/aaef38","volume":"2","author":"Espinoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNAAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2688","volume":"490","author":"Espinoza","year":"2019","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A115","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202142337","volume":"658","author":"Faria","year":"2022","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab5862","volume":"887","author":"Fauchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1086\/422843","volume":"154","author":"Fazio","year":"2004","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00024","volume":"1","author":"Foreman-Mackey","year":"2016","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1086\/670067","volume":"125","author":"Foreman-Mackey","year":"2013","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130084","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2013.0084","volume":"372","author":"Forget","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSPTA"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044504","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/aaaaa8","volume":"130","author":"Fulton","year":"2018","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aa80eb","volume":"154","author":"Fulton","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039657","volume":"649","author":"Gaia Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202243940","volume":"674","author":"Gaia Collaboration","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/acf56d","volume":"166","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"068001","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/acd1b5","volume":"135","author":"Gardner","year":"2023","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21360","volume":"542","author":"Gillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/825\/1\/29","volume":"825","author":"Ginzburg","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/sty290","volume":"476","author":"Ginzburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib70","first-page":"109","volume":"109","author":"Guillot","year":"1995","journal-title":"A&AS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ab7336","volume":"159","author":"Hallatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","volume":"585","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1586","volume":"453","author":"Hawkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu1320","volume":"443","author":"Haywood","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/330737a0","volume":"330","author":"Hemley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Natur"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-018-9844-0","volume":"29","author":"Higson","year":"2019","journal-title":"S&C"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"CSE"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A6","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201219058","volume":"553","author":"Husser","year":"2013","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L13","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8205\/817\/2\/L13","volume":"817","author":"Inamdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib80","first-page":"37","author":"Irwin","year":"2009"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib81","author":"Jahandar","year":"2023"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99133E","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2233418","volume":"9913","author":"Jenkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stab2867","volume":"508","author":"Karamanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2010.16894.x","volume":"407","author":"Kipping","year":"2010","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stt1435","volume":"435","author":"Kipping","year":"2013","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stu318","volume":"440","author":"Kipping","year":"2014","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aad6e0","volume":"864","author":"Kite","year":"2018","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A104","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244283","volume":"669","author":"Kordopatis","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1086\/683602","volume":"127","author":"Kreidberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258686","volume":"347","author":"Leconte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abd6c7","volume":"908","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa93f4","volume":"850","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A121","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202038922","volume":"642","author":"Lillo-Box","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039709","volume":"649","author":"Lindegren","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl7164","volume":"377","author":"Luque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/abfd9c","volume":"918","author":"Madhusudhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L13","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/acf577","volume":"956","author":"Madhusudhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/asna.201612387","volume":"337","author":"APOGEE Team","year":"2016","journal-title":"AN"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aaf3bc","volume":"871","author":"Mann","year":"2019","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/804\/1\/64","volume":"804","author":"Mann","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab68e4","volume":"890","author":"Marounina","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aaf1b1","volume":"157","author":"Ment","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1029\/2017JB015343","volume":"123","author":"Morrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"JGRB"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa890a","volume":"847","author":"Owen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/ac5f55","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A96","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202038306","volume":"645","author":"Pepe","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib107","first-page":"9","volume":"110","author":"Pepe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Msngr"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-022-01835-4","volume":"7","author":"Piaulet","year":"2023","journal-title":"NatAs"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa2615","volume":"499","author":"Plotnykov","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv1428","volume":"452","author":"Rajpaul","year":"2015","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2006.10148.x","volume":"367","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A201","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202140985","volume":"650","author":"Reyl\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib113","first-page":"218","author":"Reyl\u00e9","year":"2022"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A111","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629576","volume":"596","author":"Ribas","year":"2016","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014003","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JATIS.1.1.014003","volume":"1","author":"Ricker","year":"2015","journal-title":"JATIS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L19","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/acc86f","volume":"947","author":"Rogers","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/801\/1\/41","volume":"801","author":"Rogers","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A114","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202140968","volume":"653","author":"Sabotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa568","volume":"493","author":"Scora","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1086\/346105","volume":"585","author":"Seager","year":"2003","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A143","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202142262","volume":"663","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1086\/498708","volume":"131","author":"Skrutskie","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1086\/667697","volume":"124","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/acac7d","volume":"948","author":"Spaargaren","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa278","volume":"493","author":"Speagle","year":"2020","journal-title":"MNRAS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E03005","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JE002305","volume":"110","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"JGRE"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2010.04890.x","volume":"184","author":"Stixrude","year":"2011","journal-title":"GeoJI"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A108","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244629","volume":"674","author":"Stock","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1086\/674989","volume":"126","author":"Stumpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1086\/667698","volume":"124","author":"Stumpe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PASP"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A5","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202244991","volume":"670","author":"Su\u00e1rez Mascare\u00f1o","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A30","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201525963","volume":"580","author":"Thiabaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510802066753","volume":"49","author":"Trotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"ConPh"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/832\/2\/202","volume":"832","author":"Tsiaras","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A41","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201937151","volume":"638","author":"Turbet","year":"2020","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A86","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731620","volume":"612","author":"Turbet","year":"2018","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A126","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202347539","volume":"679","author":"Turbet","year":"2023","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A112","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201629577","volume":"596","author":"Turbet","year":"2016","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/819\/1\/32","volume":"819","author":"Unterborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/775\/1\/10","volume":"775","author":"Valencia","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1086\/509800","volume":"656","author":"Valencia","year":"2007","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/808\/2\/126","volume":"808","author":"Van Eylen","year":"2015","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib143","author":"Villanueva","year":"2022"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.05.023","volume":"217","author":"Villanueva","year":"2018","journal-title":"JQSRT"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"NatMe"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1461829","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"JPCRD"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03021","volume":"6","author":"Waskom","year":"2021","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121841H","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2630016","volume":"12184","author":"Wildi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa5ffc","volume":"837","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L48","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/733\/2\/L48","volume":"733","author":"Wordsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-019-0883-z","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NatAs"},{"key":"apjlad1691bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A12","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201731483","volume":"609","author":"Zechmeister","year":"2018","journal-title":"A&A"}],"container-title":["The Astrophysical Journal Letters"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T16:16:47Z","timestamp":1704730607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad1691","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-8205","2041-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-8205","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"New Mass and Radius Constraints on the LHS 1140 Planets: LHS 1140 b Is either a Temperate Mini-Neptune or a Water World","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-10-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-15","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-01-03","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}