{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:46:14Z","timestamp":1791161174120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a key component of the innate immune system and TLR2 has been shown to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in vivo. We investigated the role of TLR2 stimulation of virus-infected hepatocyte cell lines as a potential antiviral mechanism in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 was transduced with recombinant HBV baculoviruses and the hepatoma cell line Huh-7 was transiently transfected with complimentary DNA clones of HBV. HBV viral replication was quantified after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and Pam-2-Cys, a synthetic TLR2 ligand, by measuring intracellular core-associated single-stranded HBV DNA using Southern blot hybridization, as well as viral nucleocapsid formation using a non-denaturing immunoblot method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stimulation of both cell lines in vitro with IL-1\u03b2 and Pam-2-Cys, both known to induce expression of the pro inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and IL-8 via a nuclear factor-\u03baB dependent pathway, resulted in the inhibition of HBV DNA replication in the transduced HepG2 cells by up to 90% and nucleocapsid formation in the transiently transfected Huh-7 cells by up to 30%, when compared with mock-treated cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatoma cell lines expressed functional IL-1 receptor and TLR2 receptors, which when stimulated led to a signalling cascade that inhibited HBV replication. These data support an active role for hepatocytes in inhibiting HBV replication and provide a rationale for the development of TLR agonists as potentially novel antiviral agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T13:58:45Z","timestamp":1254751125000},"page":"797-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Stimulation of the interleukin-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in hepatoma cell lines\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alex J","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Colledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Revill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Desmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Locarnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.036"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP1294","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis B: fact sheet. (Accessed 30 March 2009.) Available from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs204\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"bibr3-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000333"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200205303462202"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21482"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP1294","unstructured":"Delaney W.E.IV, Isom H.C.\n                      In vitro\n                      model systems for studying hepatitis B virus replication. In Lai C.L., Locarnini S. (Editors). Hepatitis B virus. 1st ed. London: International Medical Press 2002; pp. 55\u201380."},{"key":"bibr10-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280432"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01001.x"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3433-3442.2002"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.886"},{"key":"bibr14-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414139200"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50012"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.9.2495-2501.2001"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP1294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.6.1705-1713.2001"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP1294","unstructured":"Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 1st ed. 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