{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:03:58Z","timestamp":1791219838205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiviral drugs are an important option for managing infections caused by influenza viruses. This study assessed the drug susceptibility of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses collected globally between April 2009 and January 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virus isolates were tested for adamantane susceptibility, using pyrosequencing to detect the S31N marker of adamantane resistance in the M2 protein and biological assays to assess viral replication in cell culture. To assess neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility, virus isolates were tested in chemiluminescent NA inhibition assays and by pyrosequencing to detect the H275Y (H274Y in N2 numbering) marker of oseltamivir resistance in the NA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the exception of three, all viruses that were tested for adamantane susceptibility ( n=3,362) were resistant to this class of drugs. All viruses tested for NAI susceptibility ( n=3,359) were sensitive to two US Food and Drug Administration-approved NAIs, oseltamivir (mean \u00b1sd 50% inhibitory concentration [IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] 0.25 \u00b10.12 nM) and zanamivir (mean IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.29 \u00b10.09 nM), except 23 (0.7%), which were resistant to oseltamivir, but sensitive to zanamivir. Oseltamivir-resistant viruses had the H275Y mutation in their NA and were detected in patients exposed to the drug through prophylaxis or treatment. NA activity of all viruses was inhibited by the NAIs peramivir, laninamivir (R-125489) and A-315675, except for H275Y variants, which exhibited approximately 100-fold reduction in peramivir susceptibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report provides data regarding antiviral susceptibility of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) surveillance viruses, the majority of which were resistant to adamantanes and sensitive to NAIs. These findings provide information essential for antiviral resistance monitoring and development of novel diagnostic tests for detecting influenza antiviral resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,8]],"date-time":"2010-11-08T08:32:12Z","timestamp":1289205132000},"page":"1151-1159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Comprehensive assessment of 2009 Pandemic Influenza a (H1N1) Virus Drug Susceptibility\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Larisa V","family":"Gubareva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Angelica","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Okomo-Adhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliy P","family":"Mishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varough M","family":"Deyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Sleeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany G","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"Garten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia M","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander I","family":"Klimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP1678","first-page":"435","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 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Termination of the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Medical Products and Devices. (Updated 24 June 2010. Accessed 23 September 2010.) Available from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/eua\/peramivir.htm."},{"key":"bibr40-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2010.46.6.1459659"},{"key":"bibr41-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651605"},{"key":"bibr42-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0002679"},{"key":"bibr43-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3809-3816.2002"},{"key":"bibr44-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00333-08"},{"key":"bibr45-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00731-09"},{"key":"bibr46-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4542-4549.2004"},{"key":"bibr47-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm040891b"},{"key":"bibr48-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01755-09"},{"key":"bibr49-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.08.008"},{"key":"bibr50-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500464"},{"key":"bibr51-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4515-4520.2005"},{"key":"bibr52-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01200-09"},{"key":"bibr53-IMP1678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.11.005"},{"key":"bibr54-IMP1678","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Flu review. 2009\u20132010 influenza season week 20 ending May 22, 2010. (Updated 28 May 2010. Accessed 23 September 2010.) Available from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/weekly."}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP1678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP1678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:49:42Z","timestamp":1777380582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP1678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP1678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp1678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}