{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:14:44Z","timestamp":1785006884490,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus that causes HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) and adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). A higher viral load in individuals with HTLV-1 infection increases their risk of developing HAM\/TSP and ATL. Moreover, the high proviral load is associated with the clinical progression of HAM\/TSP. Reduction of the number of HTLV-1-infected cells is therefore crucial for preventing and treating HTLV-1-associated diseases. Recently, fucoidan, a complex sulphated polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed, has been demonstrated to exert inhibitory effects on HTLV-1 infection in vitro. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of fucoidan on HTLV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this single-centre open-label trial, 13 patients with HAM\/TSP were treated with 6 g fucoidan daily for 6\u201313 months. The HTLV-1 proviral DNA load and frequencies of HTLV-1-specific CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cells, natural killer cells, invariant natural killer T-cells and dendritic cells in the peripheral blood were analysed. Furthermore, the in vitro inhibitory effect of fucoidan on cell-to-cell HTLV-1 infection was examined by using luciferase reporter cell assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fucoidan inhibited the cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro. Furthermore, fucoidan therapy resulted in a 42.4% decrease in the HTLV-1 proviral load without affecting the host immune cells. During the treatment, no exacerbation was observed. Four patients with HAM\/TSP developed diarrhoea, which improved immediately after stopping fucoidan administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fucoidan is a new potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]],"date-time":"2010-12-09T11:59:41Z","timestamp":1291895981000},"page":"89-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Fucoidan Therapy Decreases the Proviral Load in Patients with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1-Associated Neurological Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Araya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsufumi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Sawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Aratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Yagishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusuki","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative Medical Science and Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative Medical Science and Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 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