{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:38:35Z","timestamp":1777451915436,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coadministration of oral contraceptives with protease inhibitors is complicated by drug interactions. An open-label three-period single-sequence study assessed the effect of coadministration of atazanavir (ATV)\/ritonavir (RTV) with Ortho Tri-Cyclen\u00ae and with Ortho Tri- Cyclen\u00ae LO (Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ethinyl estradiol (EE), norgestimate (NGM), ATV and RTV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 20 healthy women aged 18\u201345 years received study treatments. In the lead-in period and in period 1, participants received a full cycle of Ortho Tri- Cyclen (EE 35 \u03bcg with NGM 0.18\/0.215\/0.25 mg) from days 1\u201328. In period 2, participants received a full cycle of Ortho Tri-Cyclen LO (EE 25 \u03bcg with NGM 0.18\/0.215\/0.25 mg) plus ATV\/RTV (300\/100 mg once daily) on days 29-42. PK assessments were performed on days 14 and 42 in periods 1 and 2, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ATV\/RTV with dose-normalized EE\/NGM resulted in geometric mean reductions of 16% in EE peak plasma concentration (C), 19% in EE area under the concentration-max time curve for a dosing interval (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>[\u03c4]<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 37% in EE lowest plasma concentration (C\n                      <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), compared with EE 35 \u03bcg with NGM in the absence of ATV\/RTV. NGM with EE and ATV\/RTV 300\/100 mg once daily resulted in increases of approximately 68%, 85% and 102% in 17-deacetyl NGM C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      , AUC\n                      <jats:sub>(\u03c4)<\/jats:sub>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively. Two participants discontinued the study because of adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ATV\/RTV with Ortho Tri-Cyclen was well-tolerated and reductions in EE were not predicted to decrease contraceptive efficacy if the formulation contained \u226530 \u03bcg of EE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,7]],"date-time":"2011-02-07T05:30:49Z","timestamp":1297056649000},"page":"157-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Effect of Atazanavir\/Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of An Oral Contraceptive Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Norgestimate in Healthy Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Yones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Mahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Bristol\u2013Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP1724","unstructured":"DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. December 1, 2009. Department of Health and Human Services (Accessed 10 December 2009.) Available from http:\/\/www.aidsinfo.nih.gov\/ContentFiles\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf."},{"key":"bibr2-IMP1724","unstructured":"UNAIDS, WHO. AIDS epidemic update. December 2007. (Accessed 20 December 2009.) Available from http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/EPISlides\/2007\/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf."},{"key":"bibr3-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.admecli.2005.05.001"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP1724","unstructured":"Tackett D., Child M., Agarwala S. Atazanavir: a summary of two pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies in healthy subjects.\n                      10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.\n                      10\u201314 February 2003, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract 543."},{"key":"bibr5-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199018060-00004"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270005280851"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14095"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP1724","volume-title":"US prescribing information","author":"Ortho Tri-Cyclen (norgestimate\/ethinyl estradiol)","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP1724","volume-title":"US prescribing information","author":"Ortho Tri-Cyclen LO (norgestimate\/ethinyl estradiol).","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004272732"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP1724","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Pharmacology of the contraceptive steroids","author":"Golzieher J.W.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90555-L"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.005447"},{"key":"bibr14-IMP1724","volume-title":"US prescribing information","author":"Crixivan (indinavir).","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00749.x"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212494599"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.7.795"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP1724","volume-title":"US prescribing information","author":"Kaletra (lopinavir\/ritonavir).","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr19-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.32.3.348"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.104.000182"},{"key":"bibr21-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000219774.20174.64"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00070-X"},{"key":"bibr23-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00109-2"},{"key":"bibr24-IMP1724","first-page":"163","volume":"48","author":"Poindexter A.N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Womens Med"},{"key":"bibr25-IMP1724","unstructured":"Kasserra C. Effect of vicriviroc with and without ritonavir on oral contraceptive pharmacokinetics.\n                      XVII International AIDS Conference\n                      . 3\u20138 August 2008, Mexico City, Mexico. Abstract TUBE0043."},{"key":"bibr26-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.062"},{"key":"bibr27-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250968.82370.04"},{"key":"bibr28-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr29-IMP1724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349209156509"},{"key":"bibr30-IMP1724","volume-title":"US prescribing information","author":"Reyataz (atazanavir)","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP1724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP1724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:49:52Z","timestamp":1777380592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP1724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP1724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp1724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}}}