{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:02:57Z","timestamp":1784890977457,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe risk factors for mortality and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients with and without tuberculosis (TB) coinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cohort of HIV-infected patients with CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts of \u2264200 cells\/ml was recruited, consisting of 255 HIV-infected patients without active TB and 231 patients with active TB. All received a well-supervised treatment with an efavirenz-based HAART, and those coinfected with TB received appropriate anti-TB treatment. They were followed up for 48 weeks after HAART initiation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Common presenting symptoms in HIV-only patients were fever (36.5%), headache (34.5%), skin rash (34.5%) and weight loss (32%), while in HIV-TB patients the symptoms were weight loss (58%), cough (57.6%), night sweats (44.6%) and fever (34.2%). HIV-TB patients had significantly lower body mass index, Karnofsky scores and haemoglobin levels compared to those infected with HIV only, despite similar baseline CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts. Overall, 12 (4.7%) HIV patients developed TB and 7 (3%) HIV-TB patients had worsening of their TB symptoms during the study period. Mortality was similar in the two groups, being 10.9% (16 deaths per 100 person years) and 11.3% (17 deaths per 100 person years) in HIV-only and HIV-TB patients, respectively. Overall, more males (13.1%) died compared to females (9.6%). Predictors of mortality were presence of oral candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, low Karnofsky score, and low baseline white blood cell and CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcomes following well-supervised treatment of HIV-TB patients are similar to those in patients with HIV alone. Predictors of mortality were those of advanced disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp1956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T11:01:54Z","timestamp":1321527714000},"page":"265-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Risk Factors for Mortality among HIV-Positive Patients with and without Active Tuberculosis in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sabina F","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Venh\u00e4lsan, Karolinska Institutet, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliford","family":"Ngaimisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Y","family":"Janabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand M","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omary MS","family":"Minzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip G","family":"Sasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Aklillu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric G","family":"Sandstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Venh\u00e4lsan, Karolinska Institutet, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP1956","unstructured":"UNAIDS. UNGASS reporting for 2010 (Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar). (Accessed 14 January 2011.) Available from http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/dataanalysis\/monitoringcountryprogress\/2010progressreportssubmittedbycountries\/tanzania_2010_country_progress_report_en.pdf."},{"key":"bibr2-IMP1956","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Tanzania 2010 \u2013 National AIDS control Program (NACP). (Accessed 7 February 2011.) Available from http:\/\/www.moh.go.tz\/NACP."},{"key":"bibr3-IMP1956","unstructured":"Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS). Report 2010. (Accessed 31 January 2011.) Available from http:\/\/www.tacaids.go.tz\/component\/docman\/doc_download\/39-newsletter-july-2010.html."},{"key":"bibr4-IMP1956","unstructured":"Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS). Tanzania national multisectoral strategic framework on HIV and AIDS 2008\u20132012: costing. (Accessed 23 November 2010.) Available from http:\/\/www.tacaids.go.tz\/strategic-documents\/tanzania-nmsf-2008-2012-aids-strategy-and-action-plan.html."},{"key":"bibr5-IMP1956","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control 2008. Surveillance, planning, financing. (Accessed 7 November 2010.) 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