{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:45:37Z","timestamp":1777452337508,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has been associated with abnormalities in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. We compared patterns of gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of HIV-positive subjects before and after 18\u201324 months of ARV therapy with HIV-negative controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV patients naive to ARV were randomized to receive zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) with efavirenz (EFV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with emtricitabine (FTC) and EFV. Healthy controls ( n=15) were matched for age, ethnicity and gender. Patients on a regimen containing abacavir (ABC), 3TC and EFV for 18\u201324 months were also tested. Genes involved in adipocyte glucocorticoid, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, and adipocyte differentiation, were profiled with real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AZT led to increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT; P=0.012) and VAT:SAT ratio ( P=0.036), whereas TDF increased SAT ( P=0.047) and peripheral fat\/ lean body mass ratio ( P=0.017). HIV treatment-naive patients had lower plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity ( P=0.0001) versus controls (remaining below controls after ARV; P=0.038\u20130.0001). The overall pattern of gene expression was similar across all treatment groups, being most marked with AZT and least with TDF. There was up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1, uncoupling protein-2 and hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and down-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1, cytochrome oxidase B, cytochrome c oxidase-4, uncoupling protein-3, 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, glucocorticoid receptor-\u03b1, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein-4, LPL and hormone sensitive lipase (18\u201324 months post-treatment versus pretreatment levels and controls; P&lt;0.05 to &lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The decreased expression of genes involved in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism 18\u201324 months post-ARV treatment in SAT of HIV patients, in conjunction with the increase in uncoupling protein-2 and decrease in cytochrome oxidase B gene expression, provides evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift to anaerobic metabolism within SAT in EFV-containing ARV regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T09:52:49Z","timestamp":1323769969000},"page":"495-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evidence for a Shift to Anaerobic Metabolism in Adipose Tissue in Efavirenz-Containing Regimens for HIV with Different Nucleoside Backbones"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kirsty C","family":"McGee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Shahmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meg","family":"Boothby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura L","family":"Gathercole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyanendra","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison L","family":"Harte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Shojaee-Moradie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Margot","family":"Umpleby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser M","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program and Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip G","family":"McTernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy W","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350601100610","volume":"11","author":"Giralt M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200403260-00015"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350300800410","volume":"8","author":"Mir\u00f3 O.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antivir 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Cardio- and cerebrovascular events and predicted rates of myocardial infarction in the D:A:D Study.\n                      11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.\n                      8\u201311 February 2004, San Fransisco, CA USA. Abstract 737."},{"key":"bibr54-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283174636"},{"key":"bibr55-IMP2017","unstructured":"Currier J.S., Boyd F., Kawabata H., Dezii C., Burtcel B., Hodder S. Diabetes mellitus and HIV infection.\n                      9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infected Individuals.\n                      24\u201328 February 2002. Abstract 677-T."},{"key":"bibr56-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200308010-00012"},{"key":"bibr57-IMP2017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000159323.59250.83"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:50:37Z","timestamp":1777380637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP2017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP2017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp2017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}}}