{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:46:03Z","timestamp":1777452363700,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fractures and cirrhosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected individuals. It is not known whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2005 and 2007, 116 HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected individuals underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry within 1 year of a liver biopsy. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone were measured from archived samples. Low bone mineral density (BMD) was defined as BMD\u22652 standard deviations lower than age-, sex- and race-matched controls (Z-score \u2264-2.0) at the total hip, femoral neck or lumbar spine. Histological fibrosis staging was assessed according to the METAVIR system (0 [no fibrosis] to 4 [cirrhosis]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort was 87% African-American and 63% male. The median age (IQR) was 49.9 years (46.5\u201353.3). A total of 89% had a CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell count &gt;200 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 64% were receiving HAART. The median 25OHD was 19 ng\/ ml (IQR 11.0-26.0). Hypovitaminosis D (25OHD\u226415 ng\/ml) was present in 41% and secondary hyperparathyroidism, defined by parathyroid hormone &gt;65 pg\/ml, was present in 24%. In total, 27% had low BMD (Z-score \u2264-2) at the spine, femoral neck or total hip, and 39% had significant hepatic fibrosis (METAVIR\u22652). In multivariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with significant fibrosis or with BMD at any site.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in this mostly African-American HIV-HCV-coinfected population, but was not related to BMD or liver disease severity. These data suggest that efforts to increase vitamin D levels in this population may not improve bone or liver outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,7]],"date-time":"2012-08-07T05:31:06Z","timestamp":1344317466000},"page":"237-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relation to Bone Mineral Density and Liver Fibrosis in HIV\u2013HCV Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Diala","family":"El-Maouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shruti H","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine G","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Torbenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S","family":"Sulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd T","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23489"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.041"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP2264","unstructured":"Bedimo R.W.A., Drechsler H., Maalouf N. HCV co-infection is associated with a high risk of osteoporotic fractures among HIV-infected patients.\n                      18th International AIDS Conference. 18\u201323 July 2010\n                      , Vienna, Austria. Abstract\n                      TUAB0104\n                      2010."},{"key":"bibr4-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834ed8a7"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq242"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.04.002"},{"key":"bibr7-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.035"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9115-z"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240201"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200104"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP2264","volume-title":"Hologic Data Dictionary and Calculations.","author":"Hologic I.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP2264","volume-title":"Ethnic Normals Reference Database.","author":"Hologic I.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP2264","unstructured":"National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. In Dawson-Hughes B., Lindsay R., Khosla S., Melton L.J., Tosteton A.N., Favus M., Baim S. (Editors). Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation 2010; pp. 12."},{"key":"bibr14-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801022eb"},{"key":"bibr15-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq158"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7327"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0191-1"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1217"},{"key":"bibr19-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6256855"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.4.1126"},{"key":"bibr21-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.008"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.449"},{"key":"bibr23-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.6.958"},{"key":"bibr24-IMP2264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01141.x"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2264","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:51:09Z","timestamp":1777380669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP2264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP2264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp2264","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}}}