{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:47:29Z","timestamp":1777452449841,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Asian population, in general, has higher antiretroviral concentrations than those who are not Asian, but there are limited pharmacokinetic data for darunavir\/ritonavir in Asian children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thai children aged \u22657 years and with body weight (BW)\u226520 kg who were on darunavir\/ritonavir for \u22652 weeks underwent 12-h pharmacokinetics with blood sampling before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h post-dosing. Darunavir\/ritonavir doses were 375\/100 mg twice daily (BW 20 to &lt;30 kg, n=12), 450\/100 mg twice daily (BW 30 to &lt;40 kg, n=2) or 600\/100 mg twice daily (BW \u226540 kg, n=5). Ritonavir 100 mg soft gel capsules were used instead of solution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 19 children, 8 were female, median age was 13 years (range 7-16) and median BW was 29.4 kg. The median duration of darunavir\/ritonavir treatment was 11 months. The geometric mean values for darunavir were 60.3 hxmg\/l for the area under the concentration\u2013time curve at 0\u201312 h (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201312<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), 8.3 mg\/l for the maximum concentration (C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 3.1 for the concentration prior to the next dose (C\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) with no differences between dosing groups. All had C\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      above the protein binding adjusted 50% effective concentration (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of protease inhibitor-resistant virus (0.55 mg\/l). The darunavir pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those in non-Asian individuals from the DELPHI study, in which 13 of 20 with BW&lt;40 kg used 50 or 60 mg ritonavir boosting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thai children aged \u22657 years who were on standard darunavir dosing with 100 mg ritonavir boosting had adequate and comparable darunavir AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u201312<\/jats:sub>\n                      , C\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      and C\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      to non-Asian children who mainly used lower doses of ritonavir boosting. A ritonavir boosting dose of 100 mg can be used for children weighing \u226520 kg, particularly when lower dose formulations are unavailable or if intolerant to the solution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T10:11:27Z","timestamp":1346926287000},"page":"1263-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir\/Ritonavir in Asian HIV-1-Infected Children Aged \u22657 Years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kulkanya","family":"Chokephaibulkit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hosptial, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasana","family":"Prasitsuebsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orasri","family":"Wittawatmongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hosptial, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Gorowara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanatpreeya","family":"Phongsamart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hosptial, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiratchiya","family":"Sophonphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Kirby Institute of Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirun","family":"Vanprapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hosptial, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanyawee","family":"Puthanakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chayapa","family":"Pasomsap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tulathip","family":"Suwanlerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanitha","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tibotec Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jintanat","family":"Ananworanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Kirby Institute of Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the HIV-NAT 113 Pharmacokinetic Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832d7350"},{"key":"bibr2-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61049-6"},{"key":"bibr3-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60497-8"},{"key":"bibr4-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328330abaa"},{"key":"bibr5-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-14-7"},{"key":"bibr6-IMP2347","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings, towards universal access: recommendations for a public health approach: 2010 revision. (Updated 15 December 2010. Accessed 15 December 2010.) Available from http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/paediatric\/infants2010\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"bibr7-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283298f1f"},{"key":"bibr8-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp322"},{"key":"bibr9-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247140.94669.1b"},{"key":"bibr10-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000180578.38584.da"},{"key":"bibr11-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283339caf"},{"key":"bibr12-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-18"},{"key":"bibr13-IMP2347","unstructured":"Prezista (darunavir). Prescribing Information. Tibotec Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA. (Updated December 2011. Accessed 15 December 2011.) Available from http:\/\/www.prezista.com\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/us_package_insert.pdf."},{"key":"bibr14-IMP2347","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. (Updated 10 January 2011. Accessed 22 November 2011.) Available from http:\/\/www.aidsinfo.nih.gov\/ContentFiles\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf."},{"key":"bibr15-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200306000-00023"},{"key":"bibr16-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31820fa528"},{"key":"bibr17-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.12.006"},{"key":"bibr18-IMP2347","unstructured":"Sekar V., Van De Casteele T., Van Baelen B. Dose selection and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of darunavir coadministered with low-dose ritonavir in the DELPHI (TMC114-C212) trial in treatment experienced, HIV-1-infected children and adolescents.\n                      17th International AIDS Conference\n                      . 3\u20138 August 2008, Mexico City, Mexico, USA. Abstract TUPE0078."},{"key":"bibr19-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01334-10"},{"key":"bibr20-IMP2347","unstructured":"Sekar V., Vanden Abeele C., Van Baelen B. Effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir\/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients: results of a randomized, controlled, Phase III study (ARTEMIS).\n                      9th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy\n                      . 7\u20139 April 2008, New Orleans, USA. Abstract P185."},{"key":"bibr21-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328332c3a5"},{"key":"bibr22-IMP2347","unstructured":"Avihingsanon A., Gorowara M., Wongsabut J. Pharmacokinetics of reduced dose darunavir\/ritonavir.\n                      12th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy\n                      . 13\u201315 April 2011, Miami, FL, USA. Poster P33."},{"key":"bibr23-IMP2347","unstructured":"Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-infected children. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection, August 16, 2010. US Department of Health and Human Services. (Updated 11 August 2011. Accessed 15 December 2010). Available from http:\/\/www.aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/pediatricguidelines.pdf."},{"key":"bibr24-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00907.x"},{"key":"bibr25-IMP2347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182060610"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3851\/IMP2347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:50:58Z","timestamp":1777380658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3851\/IMP2347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3851\/IMP2347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/imp2347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6535","2040-2058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}