{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1791896609592,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients display Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent defective immune responses. We aimed to study TLR9 expression on CHB patients and its alteration during therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared TLR9 expression on fresh peripheral CD14\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes from a cohort of 97 CHB patients and 35 HBsAg-negative, anti-HCV-negative controls, during pegylated interferon or entecavir therapy. TLR9 expression on liver tissue was also investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, peripheral CD14\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes of CHB patients displayed reduced expression of TLR9 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI; 9.90 \u00b13.64 versus 7.95 \u00b13.61; P=0.007) independent of age, gender and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; -2.09, 95% CI -3.568, -0.613; P=0.006). Furthermore, age, gender, ALT, HBeAg status, quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) or HBV DNA did not predict the TLR9 expression ( P=0.863). Hepatic TLR9 messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly reduced in 54 patients compared with 3 controls (0.45 \u00b10.32 versus 1-fold). Using response-guided therapy by qHBsAg levels and pretreatment TLR9 MFI as a reference, TLR9 MFI restored to a mean of 1.7- to 2.7-fold in pegylated interferon responders and reduced to a mean of 0.6-to 0.7-fold in non-responders starting from treatment week 12. Among 10 entecavir-treated patients, TLR9 MFI gradually restored to a mean of 1.2- to 2.1-fold starting from treatment week 48.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CHB patients display reduced TLR9 expression on peripheral CD14\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes, which is independent of host and viral markers, and on liver tissue. Responders to pegylated interferon and those under entecavir demonstrate restoration of TLR9 expression. On-treatment TLR9 expression on peripheral monocytes might predict response to pegylated interferon therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3851\/imp2762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T12:38:33Z","timestamp":1394627913000},"page":"637-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reduced Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression on Peripheral C D14\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Monocytes of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients and its Restoration by Effective Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yi-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Kai","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Ting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cher-Wei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-Shinn","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Ning","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sien-Sing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Horng","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine, Taipei, 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